(完整版)中考英语重点单词短语

12016中考英语：重点单词短语用法大总结◆1.cost/take/spend/pay花费花费时间做某事：Ittakessbsometimetodosth.=sbspendsometime(in)doingsth.=sbspendsometimeonsth.某人花钱买某物：sbspendsomemoneyonsth.=sbpaysomemoneyforsth.=sthcostsb.somemoney.※spend和pay主语都是人，cost主语是物。※spent还可以指“度过”→Howdidyouspendyourweekend?Thesweater________me90yuan.=I_______90yuanforthesweater.=I_____90yuanonthesweater.Hespentlotsofmoney________themobilephone.It________her20minutestogohomeeveryday.=He________20minutes________homeeveryday.◆2.thanksfor为…而感谢⑴______invitingmetoyourbirthdayparty.thanksto多亏/由于⑵______yourhelp.Igotgoodgrades.◆3.感叹句：多么…what+名词how+形容词/副词⑴.______badweather!⑵.______hardheworks!⑶.______freshvegetables!⑷.______cuteamonkeyitis!◆4.因为、由于：because(连词)+从句：(表示原因)becauseof(介词短语)+名词(短语)=thanksto⑴Ididn’tgotoschool______Ihadaheadache.Hewaslateforclass______thebadweather.Hecan’tcome_____heisill.Manypeoplehaveacold_____thecoldweather.※because和so不能同时连用.◆5.来自：befrom=comefrom2⑴Whereareyoufrom?=Where______you____________?⑵HeisfromTibet.=He____________Tibet.◆6.Howoften对频率提问(多久一次)→回答用表示频率的副词或短语Howlong对一段时间提问(多久)→回答用表示一段时间的状语Howsoon对将来时间提问(多久)→回答用in+时间段Howfar询问多长距离(多长)⑴-______haveyoubeencollectingthekites?-Fortenyears.⑵-______doyougoshopping?-Sometimes.⑶-______willyourfathercomeback?-Intwoyears.⑷-_____doyouexercise?-Onceaweek.⑸-_____isitfromyourhometoschool?-Abouttenmiles.⑹-_____areyoustayingthere?-Twoweeks.◆7.乘交通工具：takea/the+交通工具在句中作谓语by+交通工具=ona交通工具在句中作方式状语交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…⑴Hetakesabustobank.=Hegoestobankbybus.=Hegoestobankonabus.⑵Iwalktoschool.=Igotoschool______.※骑自行车、马或驴用ride：rideone’sbike/rideahorse/rideadonkeyinone’scar◆8.对不起：Excuseme(劳驾，客套话)Sorry(表示道歉)⑴______.WhereisTianfuSquareinChengdu?⑵–Wouldyoumindcleaningyourroom?-______.I’lldoitrightaway.⑶-Don’teatinclass.-_____.MsClark.⑷_____,isthisthewaytothestation?◆9.声音：sound(自然界各种声音)noise(噪音)voice(悦耳的声音：嗓子)3⑴Lucyhasasweet______.⑵That______likeagoodidea.⑶Don’tmake______.Thebabyissleeping.◆10.looklike(外貌看起来像…)belike(性格像…)⑴Lily__________Lucy.Oh,theyaretwins.⑵Tony____________amonkeybecauseheiscuteandplayful.◆11.take…to…带去bring…to…带来fetch没有方向性(强调来回)⑴Tony.______theballhere.Please.⑵Myfatheroften______me______concertsonSundays.⑶______yourhomework_____schooltomorrow.◆12.一些：some用于肯定句any用于否定句和疑问句⑴I’dlike______milk.⑵–Wouldyoulike______yogurt?_Thanks.Idon’twant______.※在一般疑问句中，认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到对方肯定回答时，也用some.◆13.多少：Howmany修饰可数名词复数Howmuch修饰不可数名词⑴______juicedoyouwant?⑵______applesdoyouwant?⑶-______istheT-shirt?–It’s30yuan.※Howmuch可对价钱提问：Howmucharethepotatoes?◆14.看：see强调看的结果look(at)不及物动词，强调看的动作watch观看：比赛、电视、表演、电影4read读，朗读：看书、看报、看信、看杂志⑴Don’t______inbed.⑵Wewill______abasketballgamethisevening.⑶Please______theblackboard.Everyone.⑷I______abirdinthetreeyesterday.※OnSaturdaynight.Isawaninterestingtalkshow.OnSaturdayevening.severalkidswatchedamovie.watchamovie=gotoamovie◆15.stopdoingsth停止做某事→Pleasestoptalking.stoptodosth停下来去做别的事⑴Thegirlsoonstopped______(cry).⑵Hewastiredandstopped______(have)arest.◆16.forget/remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作：△forget/remembertodosth(忘记/记得去做某事)→Heforgottoturnoffthelight.(没有做关灯的动作)Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.forget/remember后接ving表示已发生的动作：△forget/rememberdoingsth(忘记/记得做过某事)→Heforgotturningoffthelight.(已做过关灯的动作)Don’tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?◆17.到达…reach+地点getto+地点reach=gettoarrive+in+大地点arrive+at+小地点⑴HereachedLondonyesterday.=He______toLondonyesterday.=He______inLondonyesterday.⑵Shearrived______thebusstationjustnow.⑶Youshould______(get)homeontime.※当getto和arriveat/in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：gethomegetthere省略to◆18.擅长，在…方面做得好：begoodat=dowellin.⑴Sheisgoodatchemistry.=She__________________chemistry.⑵Niuniuisgoodat______theviolin.=Niuniu______wellin______theviolin.⑶LucyandLilyaretwingirls.Lucyisbetter______dancingthanLily.butLily___________insingingthanLucy.5◆19.win(赢得)接agame、war、amatch、aprizebeat(打败、战胜)接运动员、球队、对手等。⑴Whichteam______thefootballmatch?⑵WangHao______MaLinand______thechampionoftheMen’sSingles.◆20.借borrowsth.fromsb=borrowsb.sth向某人借某物→borrow借入lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth把某物借给某人→lend借出keep延续性动词，与一段时间连用。⑴Canyoulendmeyourbike?=Canyou______yourbike______me?⑵Youcanborrowsomemoney____yourbrother.=Youcanborrowyourbrother________.⑶-HowlongcanI______thebook?-Youcan_____itfortwoweeks.※类似用法的还有：buy—haveputon—wearbecome—beleave—beawayfromopen—beopenbegin—beondie—bedeadreturn—beback①becomeHehas______adoctor.Hehas______adoctorfor10years.②beginThefilmhas______.Thefilmhas_________fortenminutes.◆21.能，会。beabletocan※情态动词后面都接动词原形。⑴Weshould______abletofinishtheworktomorrow.⑵Ican______(play)theguitar.⑶He______abletoplaychess.◆22.toomany太多—修饰可数名词复数→Ihavetoomanyrulesinmyhouse.toomuch太多—修饰不可数名词→Maybeyouhavetoomuchyin.muchtoo太—后跟形容词或副词原级→Thiscoatismuchtooexpensive.6⑴Eating___________isbadforyourhealth.⑵It’s____________coldtoday.You’dbetternotgoout.⑶Thereare____________studentsinthehallways.It’sdangerous.◆23.have/hasbeento去过某地→HehasbeentoBeijing.(现在不在北京)have/hasgoneto去了某地→HehasgonetoBeijing.(现在可能在北京，或在去北京的途中)have/hasbeenin/at在某地⑴Ihaveever_____________Americatwice.⑵Hehas____________Beijingfortenyears.⑶–Whereisyourbrother?-He________