关于太阳能路灯的英文文献

DesignandDevelopmentofEnergy-FreeSolarStreetLEDLightSystemMokhtarAli1,MohamedOrabi1,EmadAbdelkarim1,JaberA.AbuQahouq2andAbdelaliElAroudi31APEARC,SouthValleyUniversity,Aswan81542,Egypt2ElectricalandComputerEng.Dept.,TheUniversityofAlabama,Tuscaloosa,Alabama35487,USA3UniversitatRoviraiVirgili,Tarragona,[e-mail]--Today,allcountwordsareabouthowtoenhancetheelectricalgridreliabilityduringthepeakinstant.Thedirectsolutionforthegridistocutoffsomeloadstokeepitsstability.Oneoftheseloadsisthestreetlightingespeciallyduringthesummerperiod.Thispaperproposesanenergy-freesystemforstreetlightingasthereisnopowerdemandfromthegrid.AstandalonesolarstreetLEDlightsystemisproposed.TheproposedsystemconsistsofaPVpanel,storagesystem,LEDlamp,powerconditioningsystem(PCS)andthecontrollerwhichcanmanagethepowerdirectionandsystemoperation.UsingLEDinlightingapplicationshasmanyadvantagescomparedtootherlamp.Itisveryefficient(veryhighefficiencylightingsource)lampsandcosteffective(thelifetimeisverylongcomparetootherlamps).Inadditionsto,itneedslowdcvoltagesourcetobeoperated.Thestoragesystemwillbechargedduringthedaytimeusingtheavailablesunlight.Ontheotherhand,duringthenighttimethecontrollerwillgiveasignaltothesystemtoconnecttheLEDlamptobereadyforuse.SincetheLEDneedsalowdcvoltagetobeoperated,asimpledc-dcconverterwillbeenoughforthissystemresultingindecreasingthecostoftheoverallsystem.Moreover,alowcostmicrocontrollerisproposedtohandletheoperationofthewholesystem.ApplyingthisideaintheEgyptianstreetsenablesthereductionofmorethan50%ofthetotalrequiredenergybyHIDlampsthatenabletheuseforsmallPVsystem.Bythisproposedsystem,streetscanbeilluminatedwithlowerpowerlamps,nooperatingcosts,noCO2emissions,gridenergy-freeandenvironmentallyfriendly.Moreover,theproposedsolutioncansolvetheEgyptianpeakpointcrisisofloaddemand.IndexTerms--energy-freesystem,LED,microcontroller,PVpanel,streetlighting.I.INTRODUCTIONTodayworldisfacinganenergyshortageduetotheincreaseoftheaverageconsumptionofenergypercapita.Thisledtocontinuousdecreaseoftheworldstorageofoilandnaturalgaz.Alsopollutionproblemshavebeenhighlightedasthesourceofstressesonthegroundlife.Therefore,RenewableEnergyTechnologieshavedrawntremendousinterestworldwidetofindsolutionsforworldenergycrisis.RecentlyPVsystemshavefoundfairlywideapplicationsfromlargescalePVplantswithcumulativepowerreachesapproximatelyafewtenthsofGWpwereconnectedtoreachingthegridofasmallscalePVreachingapproximatelyafewtenthsofWattsinapplicationssuchasCamera,watches,Mobiles,etc.OneofthesePVapplicationsisthestandalonestreetlightingsystemusingthemostefficientandthecosteffectiveLightEmittingDiode(LED)lamps.ThissystemconsistsofPVpanel,highqualitybattery,LEDlamp,dc-dcconverter,andacontroller.Thissystemisnotonlyanenvironmentallyfriendlyoption(requiringnopowerinputplusfreeofpollution),butcanalsobelocatedanywhereregardlessoflocalgridavailability.Thepowersourceisasolarpowerwhichisrecognizedasbeinganenvironmentally''clean''formanenergyproductionpointofview.PVarraysutilizethesunradiationtoproduceelectricity.Thesemodulesdonotrequirefueltooperate.Ontheotherhand,mostcurrentstreetlightinguseshighintensitydischargelamps.Recently,searchingfornewstreetlightingmoduleshasgainedalotofattentiontoreducetheamountofenergyconsumedbythistypeoflampandalsotoreducetheamountofCO2emissions.LEDswiththeircurrentperformanceshaveprovedthemselvestobethemostsuitablesolutionforLEDstreetlighting,[1]and[2].TheLEDlampoffersmanyadvantagessuchas:extremelylonglife,100,000hours,extremerobustnessastherearenoglasscomponentsorfilaments,noexternalreflector,amodularconstruction,noemissionslikeHIDlampsandmostimportantlytheirhighefficiency.LEDsaregoodlightsource;theirefficiencyis160Lm/W.So,usingthistypeoflampsenablesthereductionofmorethan50%ofthetotalenergyusedbyHIDlamps;thatbyitsorderreducestherequiredPVarrays.Therefore,applyingtheproposedsystem,streetscanbeilluminatedwithlowerpowerlamps,nooperatingcosts,noCO2emissionsandenvironmentallyfriendly[3]-[4].Duetotheimportanceoftheissue,therearemanycompaniesaroundtheworldthatarenowinvolvedindeveloping,building,andproducingtheseproductsofstreetlight.Alsothereisavarietyofproductswithwiderangeofpowerandwiderangeoflamptypeused.Figure1and2showexamplesofthesolarstreetLEDlightsystemproducedbyGEO-Technik[5].Fig.1:LEDSolarPathwayLightmodelLT-SOL10.Fig.2:SolarStreetLightLEDmodelLT-SOLAR051-220L.(a)TheSolarIlluminationProjectinBeijingOlympicWrestlingVenueLampsLSL0733-7325LD30W/24Poleheight:7metersDistancebetweentwopoles:15metersRoadwidth:10metersSolarenergysystem:80WQuantity:10PCS.(b)TheLingqiuCountySolarIlluminationProjectinDatongofShanxiProvincePoleheight7meters,Distancebetweentwopoles)20m,Roadwidth:15m,LSL0733-7325LD30W/24,quantity:150pcsFig.3:solarLEDStreetlighting(EverGEN™1500Series).(c)ThisprojectislocatedintheShipaiWetlandPark.TheparkislocatedattheWestpartofDongguanwithaplannedareaof280,000squaremeters.BasedonKingsunSolar-WindLEDStreetLightProjectinSongshanLake,DongguanGovernmentdecidestouseKingsunSolar-WindLEDStreetLightinthisproject.Thepoleinthisar