语法---省略句

省略句什么是省略句呢？省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。1.简单句中的省略：在对话中，交谈双方都知道谈论的对象，则可以省略句子的主语，省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。省略主语：Begyourpardon.Thankyouforyourhelp.Seeyoutomorrow.Doesn’tmatter.省略主谓或主谓语的一部分：Nosmoking.Anythingelse?Thisway,please.Haveasmoke?--DoyouknowMissGao?--Idon’tknow.--Areyougoingthere?--I’dliketo.Hedidnotgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto.省略宾语：省略表语：--Areyouthirsty?--Yes,Iam.Hisbrotherisnotlazy,norishissister.同时省略几个成分：--Areyoufeelingbetternow?--Muchbetter.--Haveyoufinishedyourwork?--Notyet.在并列句中，相同的成分如主语，谓语，宾语等都可以省略：（1）TheylearnFrenchandweEnglish.（2）Myfatherplannedandbuiltallthesehouses.（3）JohnwonthefirstraceandJimmythesecond.（4）Coralisnotaplantbutavarietyofanimallife.2.并列句中的省略：3.复合句中的省略：限制性定语从中：在限定性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which,whom可以省略；theway后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，inwhich－AreyouleavingforBeijingthisSunday?－Ithinkso.soI’mleavingforBeijingthisSunday.－Tommustbefreetoday.－Ifso.Hecanhelpus.soheisfree.主句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not来代替，如：－Itisgoingtorain,isn’tit?－Ihopenot.notitisnotgoingtorain.这种用法常见的有：Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso.及Isuppose/believe/hopenot.Whynot?等等。状语从句：（1）Ifheated,waterwillboil.（2）Tomwasattackedbycrampwhileswimmingacrosstheriver.（3）We’llgotohelpyouifnecessary.（4）HadItime,Iwouldcome.（5）I’llgo,shoulditbenecessary.在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去从句的“主语+be”部分：Whenachild,heoftenaskedmanyinterestingquestions.I’mgoingwithyouiffree.Theriveriscleanwheredeep.Thoughold,heworkshard.Heopenedhislipsasiftospeak.在某些状语从句中，从句的主语是it,其后的动词be及其主语可一起省略：Helphimifpossible.Ifnecessary,Ishallgo.宾语从句：如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同，可将从句部分的谓语省略。（1）Wewilldowhatwecan（do）tohelpyou.（2）—IsMr.Kinginhisoffice?—Sorry,Idon’tknow（whetherheisinhisofficeornot）.4.动词不定式的省略：在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to。（1）—Wouldyouliketogowithus?—I’mgladto,butIhavetofinishmyhomework.（2）Don’ttellmethenameofthesailorifyoudon’twantto.（3）—Haveyoueverbeentotheseaside?—No,wecan’taffordto.不定式符号to的省略：Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment.但如有对比关系，则不可省略to:Togohomeortostayatschoolduringthevacationisnotdecided.介词but前若有动词do（did,does,done)，后面的不定式不带to，否则要带to.Hehadnochoicebuttowait.toHehadnothingtodobutwait.wait前若有do后则无to，前若无do，后必带to英语中一些固定的省略结构（1）省略介词Hespentfourhours(in)goingoverhislessons.他花了四个小时复习功课。I’vestudiedEng1ish(for)fiveyears.我已学五年英语了。在以if,when,though,asif（好象）等连词引导的从句中，如从句中的主要动词是be，常将主语和动词be省略。Ifnecessary,weshallsendatelegramhome.如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。Wheneverpossible,hewillcometomyhelp.他一有可能就来帮助我。Whilecycling,don’tforgetthetrafficlights.骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。由固定词组引导的疑问句：Whatabouthavingagameofchess?下盘棋怎么样？Howcometheyleftyoualonehere?他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢？Whatifit’sraining?如果天下雨怎么办？Whynottryagain?为什么不再试试呢？Though________money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedinWhen________,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompletedTheresearchissodesignedthatonce______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begunCADIf________thesametreatmentagain,he'ssuretogetwell.A.GivingB.giveC.givenD.beinggivenWhilebuildingatunnelthroughthemountain,________.A.anundergroundlakewasdiscoveredB.therewasanundergroundlakediscoveredC.alakewasdiscoveredundergroundD.theworkersdiscoveredanundergroundlakeCD---Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.---Imeant________,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingitTheboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim________.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto---I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?---Notatall.________.A.I'venotimeB.I'drathernotC.I'dlikeitD.I'dbehappytoBADWhatwouldhavehappened________,asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfartherC---Doyouthinkit'sgoingtorainovertheweekend?---________.A.Idon'tbelieveB.Idon'tbelieveitC.IbelievenotsoD.Ibelievenot---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---________hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.BecauseoflosingDCOneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and________.A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhiteC.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhite---Wouldyoulikesomewine?---Yes,just________.A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.afewCC