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介词in,on,at在表示时间时的用法区别in时间长on某一点at时间短①in时间范围大(一天以上)如:inTanuary,inwinter,in1999;泛指在上午,下午,晚上,如:inthemorning(afternoon,evening).习惯用法:inthedaytime在白天。②on指在某一天或某一天的上午,下午,晚上,如:onMonday,onSundayafternoon,onJuly1,1999③at时间最短,一般表示点时间,如atsixo’clock,atthreethirty.习惯用法:atnight,atnoon,atthistimeofyear.in,on和at在表达时间方面的区别in表示在某年、某季节、某月、某周、某天和某段时间inayear在一年中inspring在春季inSeptember在九月inaweek在一周中inthemorningafternoonevening在上午下午傍晚但在中午,在夜晚则用atnoonnighton表示某一天或某一天的某段时间onMonday在周一onMondayafternoon在周一下午onMarch7th在3月7日onMarch7th,1998.在1998年3月7日onthemorningofMarch7th,1998.在1998年3月7日上午at表示某个具体时刻。ateighto’clock在8点钟atthistimeoftheyear在一年中的这个时候atthemoment在那一时刻atthattime在那时注意:在英语中,如果时间名词前用this,last,next等修饰时,像这样的表示,“在某时”的时间短语前,并不需要任何介词。例如:lastmonth,lastweek,thisyear,thisweek,nextyear,thenextday,thenextyear等。1.What’stheweatherlikeinspringsummerautumnwinterinyourcountry你们国家春天夏天秋天冬天的天气怎么样?ininaweekintheroominEnglish穿着inredon某日、某日的上下午onSundayafternoononthedesk靠吃……为生liveonriceabookonPhysics〔误〕Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.〔正〕Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.〔析〕at用于具体时刻之前,如:sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night。〔误〕Don'tsleepatdaytime〔正〕Don'tsleepindaytime.〔析〕in要用于较长的一段时间之内,如:inthemorningafternoon,或intheweekmonthyear.或inspringsupperautumnwinter〔误〕WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.〔正〕WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.〔析〕inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on,如:onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th〔误〕Hebecameawritterathistwenties〔正〕Hebecameawritterinhistwenties〔析〕这句话应译为:他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示,而在具体岁数时用at〔误〕HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.〔正〕HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.〔析〕在具体年岁前用at,如:attheageof12,atyourage,〔误〕Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.〔正〕Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.〔析〕具体某一天要用介词on,又如:onNewYear'sDay〔误〕I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.〔正〕I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.〔析〕在节日的当天用on,而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间,一般要有两〔误〕Ihaven'tseeyouduringthesummerholidays.〔正〕Ihaven'tseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.〔析〕during表示在某一段时间之内,所以一般不与完成时搭配,如:Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段时间,可以用于完成时,如:Ihaven'tseeyouforalongtime.而through用来表示时间时则为整整,全部的时间。如:Itrainedthroughthenight.since〔误〕Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.〔正〕Onenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.〔析〕On加动名词表示一……就。本句的译文应是:我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如:onhearing…一听见,onarrival一到达就……(on表示动作的名词)〔误〕Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.〔正〕Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.〔析〕atthebegining与attheend都是指某事物的开始与结束部分,均不指时间范围,而inthebeginning则是指开始一段时间。intheend=atlast〔误〕Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.〔正〕Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.〔析〕by引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点,其意思为不迟于某一时刻将工作做完,所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态,如:I'llbetherebyfiveo'clock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻,但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词,而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式,如:Iwon'tfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.〔误〕HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.〔正〕HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.〔正〕HecametoLondontwoweeksago.〔析〕before一般要与完成时连用,而ago〔误〕IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsginceIhadcomehere.〔正〕IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.〔析〕since用来表达主句动作的开始时间,所以其引出的从句中应为过去时,而不能用完成时态〔误〕Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.〔正〕Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.〔析〕中文经常讲两小时之后来取,两天内会修好,而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二,①after多用于过去时,如:IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围,如:afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时,一定要用介词in〔误〕Threedaysafterhedied.〔正〕Afterthreedayshedied.〔正〕Threedayslaterhedied.〔析〕after与later都可以用来表达一段时间之后,但它们所处的位置不同,after在时间词前,而later〔误〕Shehidherselfafterthetree.〔正〕Shehidherselfbehindthetree.〔析〕after多用来表达某动作之后,所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词,如:Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind〔误〕Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.〔正〕Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.〔析〕树上长出的果实,树叶要用on,而其他外来的人、物体均要用inthetree.〔误〕ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.〔正〕ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.〔析〕在表达地理位置时有3个介词:in,on,to。in表示在某范围之内;on表示与某地区接壤;to则表示不相接。如:JapanistotheeastofChina.〔误〕IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.〔正〕IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.〔析〕at用来表达较小的地方,而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillage〔误〕HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.〔正〕HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.〔析〕在门牌号码前要用at,并要注意它的惯用法:attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage〔误〕ThereisacolourTVsetatthecornerofthehall.〔正〕ThereisacolourTVsetinthecornerofthehall.〔析〕在屋内的角落应用in,而墙的外角用at,如:Thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet.〔误〕ThisweekendI'llstayinUncleWang's.〔正〕ThisweekendI'llstayatUncleWang's.〔析〕要注意英文的特殊表达法,如:atatailor'sshop(裁缝店)=atatailor's,atthedoctor's(去看病)atthebookseller's(在书店)atuncleWang's(在王叔叔家)〔误〕Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontoday'snewspaper〔正〕Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintoday'snewspaper〔析〕在报纸上的新闻要用in,而在具体某一版上,或某一页上则要用on〔误〕TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.〔正〕SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.〔析〕这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程,即开学之意。要注意,有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词,如:attable(吃饭),WhenIcametoTom'shome,theywereattable.还有:atdesk(学习),atwork(工作)atschool(上学),inhospital(住医院)atchurch另有他意,如:attheschool即在学校工作或办事,inthehospital〔误〕
本文标题:介词in--on--at在表示时间时的用法区别
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