新世纪大学英语综合教程4完形填空(close)答案及原文

Close1Manhasabloodtiewithnatureandnobodycanliveoutsidenature.Natureprovidesuswithweneed:theairwebreathe,thewaterwedrink,andthefoodweeat.Forquitealongtimeaftermanbegantoliveintherealmofnature,helivedinfearofitsdestructiveforces.heusedtoregardnaturewithitselementalforcesassomethinghostiletohim.Andeventheforestwassomethingwildandfrighteningtohim.veryoften,hewasunabletoobtainthemerestdailynecessitiesthoughheworkedtogetherwithothersstubbornlyandcollectivelywithhisimperfecttools,throughhisinteractionwithnature,manchangeditgradually.hecutdownforest,cultivatedland,transferredvariousspeciesofplantsandanimalstodifferentclimaticconditions,changedtheshapeandclimateofhisenvironmentandtransformedpantsandanimals.hesubduedanddisciplinedelectricityandcompelledittoservetheinterestsofsociety.Nonetheless,withtheconstaexpansionofagricultureandindustry,manhasrobbednatureoftoomuchofitsirreplaceablresources,polutedhisownlivingenvironmentandcausedabout95%ofthespeciesthathaveexistedoverthepast600millionyearstobecomeextinctandstillmanyotherstobeendangered.thepreviousdynamicbalancebetweenmanandnatureisonthevergeofbreakingdown.manisnowfacedwiththeproblemofhowtostop,oratleasttomoderatethedestructiveeffectoftechnologyonnature.Thecrisisoftheecologicalsituationhasbecomeaglobalproblem.thesolutiontotheproblemdependsonrationalandwiseorganizationbothofproductionitselfandcareformothernature.thiscanonlybedonebyallhumanity,ratherthanbyindividuals,enterprisesorseparatecountries.2Technologyisahotissuenowadays.thedefendersoftechnologystressitsadvantageswhiletheopponentsemphasizeitsdisadvantages.Neithersidehasevertakenthetimetolookattheoppositepointofview.Thedefendersoftechnologyholdthatwithtechnologypeopleslivingconditionshavebeengreatlyimproved.Forexampletheboominproductivityhasmadegoodsbetterandcheaper.Therefore，tingsthatwereonceluxuries，suchasjettravelandlong-distancephonecallshavebecomenecessities.Medicaltechnologyinparticularhasbenefitedusalot，especiallyinprolonginglifeexpectancy.Ontheotherhand，theopponentsoftechnologyarguethattechnologymakeslifeobviouslyworse.Telemarketingtrafficjamsandidentitytheftareallphenomenathatmakepeopleconsciouslyunhappy.Inadditionmanypeoplebelievetechnologydisruptsrelationshipsandfracturescommunity.EversincetheIndustrialRevolutiontherelationshipbetweenhappinessandtechnologyhasbeenaneternalsubjectforsocialcriticsandphilosophers,thougheconomistsandsocialscientistshaveseldomtouchedonthetopic.Howeverin1974theeconomistRichardEasterlindidgroundbreakingworkontherelationshipbetweenprosperityandwell-being.InhisfamouspaperentitledDoesEconomicGrowthImprovetheHumanLotEasterlinshowedthattherewasnorealcorrelationbetweenanationsincomelevelanditscitizenshappinessinthedevelopedcountries.Infacttechnologyisneithergoodnorbad.Itdependsonwhatwewanttodowithit.Thereforetheresponsibilitybelongsexclusivelytohumanswhohavetoacquireasocialconsciencetorespecthumanbeingsnatureanditsbalances.3AccordingtocraigRussell,whenwemakeaninitialeffortinourpersonalquestsforknowledge,wemaynotevenknowthatacertainfildoflearningexists.but,afterwehavedonesomereading,wewillgettoknowmoreaboutthetopic.atthesametime,wemayfeelthatallthereadingcreatesmorequestionsratherthananswersthem.wethenrealizehowlittlewereallyknowandhowmuchmoreweneedtoreadandthinkandwrite.Russellsuggeststhatwewriteafterreadingeachtime.hisexperiencetellshimthatitishiswritingthathasledhimtoacquireabettergraspofthetopichestudies.peoplemaythinkthatonlythosewhoknowandwhoare(sure)ofthemselveswrite.forRussell,however,it’sjusttheopposite,forwritingdoesn’tclosethingsoff----itopensthingsup.Tosaythatthemoreweknow,themoreweknowwedon’tknowseemscontradictory.accordingtoRussell,modernphysicstellsusthatrealityitselfiscontradictory.themorecloselyscientistslookintoourphysicalreality,themoreitslipsawayfrom.inaway,themoretheylearn,thelesstheyknow.CraigRussellbelievesthataproperunderstandingwillinevitablyleadusawayfromtheforceandrigidityofdogmatismandtowardtheflexibilityandfreedomoftheindividual.Therefore,wemusttemperourprideinknowingwiththehumilityofnotknowing.thetruthalwaysexiststhere,but,itisliketherainbowbecausewecanneverreallygraspit,neverholditinourhandsandtrulyknowit.wecanonly,asWilliamjamessaid,“livetodaybywhattruthwecangettodayandbereadytocallitfalsehoodtomorrow.”4Mostpeoplehaveworktodo.Withwork,theycanenjoytheirlives.Howeverpeoplewhodidphysicallaborwerelookeddownuponinthepast.Manypeoplewerecompelledtotakemanuallaborbecauseitwasanabsolutenecessityforthemtoearnalivingandtosupporttheirfamilies.Bycontrast,peoplewhodidmentalworkwerehighlyrespected.Undertheinfluenceofthisidea,eventodaysomepeoplestillidealizetheirfuturewhenmakingchoicesfortheircareer.Whattheycaremostaboutiswhetherthejobcangivethemenoughsocialstatusratherthanwhethertheycanrealizetheirvaluesinit.Intheireyes,thosewhodomanuallaborshouldstillbeclassifiedasinferiorinsocialstatus.Infact,thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenthosewhoworkwiththeirhandsandthosewhoworkwiththeirmind.Whetherajobislabororworkdoesnotdependonthejobitselfbutonpeople‘sattitudetowardit.As