vocabulary-testing

Grammar&VocabularyBy:董梦萍、李正娥、谢丹、梁笑Grammar1.1introduction•totesttheawarenessofthegrammaticalfeatures•Torecognizeorproducecorrectformsoflanguageratherthantheabilitytouselanguagetoexpressmeaning,attitude,emotion,etc.•TenofthemostcommontypesTenofthemostcommontypes•Itemtypes•Constructingmultiple-choiceitems•Constructingerror-recognition•Constructingrearrangementitems•Constructingcompletionitems•Constructingtransformationitems•constructingitemsinvolvingthechangingofwords•Constructing“brokensentence”items•Constructingpairingandmatchitems•Constructingcombinationandadditionitems1.2Multiple-choicegrammaritems:itemtypes•Form:•incompletestatementtype,withachoiceoffourorfiveoptions.•Twotypicaltypes:•1.2.1Tomoughtnotto……(a.tellb.havingtoldc.betellingd.havetold)meyoursecret,buthedid.•1.2.2Tomoughtnottohavetoldmeyoursecret,buthedid.•A.Nochange•B.tell•C.havingtold•D.betelling•Couldyoucomparethesetwotypes?•1.2.3A.Tomoughtnottotellmeyoursecret,buthedid.•B.Tomoughtnottohavingtoldmeyoursecret,buthedid.•C.Tomoughtnottobetellingmeyoursecret,buthedid.•D.Tomoughtnottohavetoldmeyoursecret,buthedid.•Uneconomicalandnotclearlypresenttheproblems•1.2.4A.Tomoughtnottotellanyonethesecret.•A.Sooughtyou.B.Neitheryououghtn’t•C.NeitheroughtyouD.Sooughtn’tyou.•Usefulforshortanswersandresponses•1.2.5Tomoughtnottohavetoldme.•A.Tomdidnottellmebutheshould.•B.PerhapsTommaynottellme.•C.Tomtoldmebutitwaswrongofhim.•D.ItwasnecessaryforTomnottotellme.•Needingaknowledgeoftheparticularsyntax1.3Constructingmultiple-choiceitems•Features:takingtheadvantageofthetypesoferrorsmadebystudentsintheirfreecompositionandopen-endedanswerstoquestion•Materials:Ihopethatyouwouldn’tmindonsuchalongperiodbetweenmylastletterandthisone.•Step1:correctingtheerrors•Ihopeyouwon’tmindwaitingforsolong.•Step2:changingintoacontext•Ihopeyou………..mindwaitingforsolong.Ipromisetoreplysoonerinfuture.•A.won’tB.wouldn’t•Step3:addinganothertwodistracters•Ihopeyou………..mindwaitingforsolong.Ipromisetoreplysoonerinfuture.•A.won’tB.wouldn’tC.shouldn'tD.shan’t•Step4:replacingshan’twithcan’tIhopeyou………..mindwaitingforsolong.Ipromisetoreplysoonerinfuture.•A.won’tB.wouldn’tC.shouldn'tD.can’t1.4Constructingerror-recognitionmultiple-choiceitems•…………isshiningbrightlytoday.•A.SunB.ThesunC.AsunD.Somesun•Couldyouanalysisthedisadvantagesofthisquestion?•Thebettertypesofthisquestion:•Type1:Thereisamistakeingrammarineachofthefollowingsentences.Writetheletterofthatpartofthesentenceinwhichitoccurs.•ABCD•1.Sun/isshining/brightlytoday/,isn’tit?•2.Tony’sfather/wouldnotlethim/tostayout/latelastnight.(havingdifferentwaysofcorrectingmanysentence)•Type2:Selecttheunderlinedphrasewhichisincorrectorunacceptable•ABCD•1.I’mworriedthatyou’llbeangrytome.1.5constructingrearrangementitems•Material:Youknowhowisit.•1.5.1.Youknowhow…………•A.itisB.isit•1.5.2Won’tIneedacoat?•Well,youknowhow…………•A.warmisittodayB.todayitiswarm•C.isitwarmtodayD.warmitistodayE.todayisitwarm•Completeeachsentencebyputtingthewordsbelowitintherightorder.•1.5.3Won’tIneedacoat?•Well,youknowhow…………•A.itB.todayC.warmD.is•1.5.4Writeouteachsentences•1.Notonly……………………………………•/theexamination/verydifficult/unfair/was/but/it/was/also1.6Constructingcompletionitems•Function:•totestastudent’sabilitytoproduceacceptableandappropriateformsoflanguage.•……………..Sunisshiningtoday.•Oras:……………sunisshiningtoday.•Doyouknowthedisadvantageofthesetwoitems?•Rewritingthisitems:•Puta,the,orsomeineachblankonlywherenecessary.Ifyouthinkthatnowordshouldbeplacedintheblank,putacross(/)there.•Is…………..Sunshiningtoday?•Advantages:beingusefulforinclusioninclassroomtestsandforexercisepurposes.•Disadvantage:causingproblemsinthescoring•Example:1.heheardagaspbehindhimashe……….Togo.•Answers:waspreparing/prepared/hadprepared•2.AssonaspossiblethenextdayIsendmystory………..theeditor……….themagazine…………whichmybestworkusuallyappeared.•solutions:•(a)byprovidingacontext•(b)byprovidingdata•(c)byusingmultiple-choicetechniques•Bestitems:•I…………tothetheatrethreetimessinceIlastsawyou.•A.goB.havebeen•C.hadgoneD.wentcloze类型Type1:It(1)……….alwaysuseful(1)…………(2)…………practiceanswering(2)……………………………………………Type2:Puttinga(/)attheplacewherethewordhasbeenomittedandthenwritingthemissingwordintheappropriatespace.Historiansandanthropologistsusedthink(1)…………Thatillhealthanddiseaseprevalentamong(2)…………Type3:(sentencecompletion)partofasentencehasbeenomitted.type:4:thecompletionofdialogues1.7constructingtransformationitemsFunctions:1.beingextremelyusefultestingabilitytoproducestructures2.itistheoneobjectiveitemtypewhichcomesclosettomeasuringsomeoftheskillstestedincompositionForm:Rewriteeachofthefollowingsentencesinanotherway,beginningeachnewsentencewiththewordsgiven.Ihaven’twrittentoyoufiralongtime.it’salongtime……………………………..sinceI(last)wrote(to)you.sinceyoureceivedaletterfromme,etc.Joecansingbetterthanyou.youcannotsingaswellasJoe=expectedanswersingbetterthanJoe=possibleanswer1.acertainwordTheybelievedthattheearthwasflat.Theearthwasbelievedtobeflat.2.givenverbTenlessonsmakeupthecourse.(consist)Thecourseconsistsoftenlessons.Solutions:1changings