american-civil-war-Microsoft-PowerPoint-演示文稿

WhoremembersmostReadthecontentsandrememberthemasmuchasyoucantoanswerthequestionsfollowedTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSLAVERYINTHEPRE-WARERA•PriortoindependencefromBritain,slaveryexistedinalltheAmericancolonies.Withthearrivalofindependence,however,thenewNorthernstates--NewEngland,NewYork,Pennsylvania,andNewJersey--cametoseeslaveryascontradictorytotheidealsoftheRevolutionandtriedprogramsofgradualemancipation.•NamethenewnorthernstatesafterAmericanindependence.•NewEngland,NewYork,Pennsylvania,andNewJersey•Whatistheirpositiononslavery?•seeingslaveryascontradictorytotheidealsoftheRevolution•CircumstancesinthenewlyformedSouthernstateswerequitedifferent,however.InVirginiaandSouthCarolinain1790nearlyhalfofthepopulationwasofAfricandescent.BecauseoftheiringrainedracialprejudiceandignoranceabouttheculturesinAfrica,Southernwhiteswereconvincedthatblackswerenaturallyinferiortowhitepeople.•OfequalimportanceintheSouthernstateswastheeconomicrolethatslavesplayed.MuchofthewealthofDelaware,Maryland,Virginia,theCarolina,andGeorgiacamefromthecashcropsthatslavesgrew.•InVirginiaandSouthCarolina,howmanypeoplewereofAfricandescent?•Half•WhatdoSouthernwhitepeoplethinkofblackpeople?•blackswerenaturallyinferiortowhitepeople.•Why?•BecauseoftheiringrainedracialprejudiceandignoranceabouttheculturesinAfrica•Whatarethestatesbenefitingfromslaveeconomy?•Delaware,Maryland,Virginia,theCarolina,andGeorgia•Asaconsequence,therebeganthefataldivisionbetweenfreestatesandslavestates(whetherthosenewterritoriesinthewesttobecomefreestatesorslavestates)thatledtosectionalismand,ultimately,tocivilwar.•Whatisthedivisionaboutfreestateandslavestate•whetherthosenewterritoriesinthewesttobecomefreestatesorslavestates•Whatistheimmediateresultofthatconflict?•Sectionalism•Whatistheofultimateresult•Civilwar•Atfirst,theNorthernanti-slaveryintellectualsbelievedtheslaverysystemwouldcometoannaturalend.Theydividedroughlytheslaverysystemintothreestages:developmental,high-profit,anddecadent.•Inthedevelopmentalstage,slaveswereusedtobuildbasicstructurelikethedikes,dams,roads,andbuildingsnecessaryforplantations.•Inthesecond,high-profitstage,slaveownersearnedenormousincomefromthecashcrops,tobaccoatmost.•Thefinal,decadentphasewasreachedwhenthelanduponwhichthecashcropsweregrownhadbecomeexhausted.Sotheplantationownersturnedtogrowinggraincropslikewheatcornwhichneededfewerslaves,andslaverywouldendnaturallywiththedecreaseofdemandsoflabor.•Whatarethethreestagesofslavery?•developmental,high-profit,anddecadent.•Whathappensinthefirststage?•slaveswereusedtobuildbasicstructure•Whathappensinthesecondstage?•slaveownersearnedenormousincomefromthecashcrops•Whatistheprofitablecropinthisstage?•tobacco•Whathappensinthethirdstage?•thelanduponwhichthecashcropsweregrownhadbecomeexhausted.Sotheplantationownersturnedtogrowinggraincropswhichneededfewerslaves,andslaverywouldendnaturallywiththedecreaseofdemandsoflabor.•ButthatdidnothappenintheSouthbecauseoftheinventionofthecottonginbyEliWhitney,aschoolteacherfreshlygraduatedfromYalein1793.Theinventionofthecottonginmadeitpossibletoseparateseedsfromfiber,permittingtheshort-staplecottonwhichusedtobeoflittleuseasaresultofthedifficultyinseparatingseedsfromfibertobecomeprofitablethroughoutthelowerSouth.•Needlesstosay,salveswereincreasinglyneeded.•Atthesametime,ThewritersoftheConstitutionhadrecognizedtheevilofslavetrade,andin1808Congresspassedlegislationendingthetransatlantictrade.Whywasshort-staplecottononceconsidereduseless?Becauseitwasdifficulttoseparateseedsfromfiber•Whatdevicechangesthat?•Cottongin.•How?•Makingitpossiblefortheseedsoftheshort-staplecottontobeeasilyseparatelyfromthefiber.•Whoistheguythatinventedthecottongin?•Whitney•Whathappenedtothetransatlanticslavetrade?•Banned•Therefore,thediscoveryofameansofmakingthecultivationofshort-staplecottonprofitablethroughoutthelowerSouthalongwiththerestrictiononthesupplyofslavesneededmakeitimpossiblefortheSouthtoendslavery.•Explainwhy•TheincreaseofneedandtherestrictionofdemandCause1:sectionaldifferencesineconomy,culture,andpolitics•South:plantation-basedagriculture,aristocraticvalues,slavelaborforce,ruralsociety•Northcommercialandindustrial,liberalvalues,freelabor,urbansocietyCause2:statesrightsconflictingwithfederalrights•SincethetimeoftheRevolution,twocampsemerged:thosearguingforgreaterstatesrightsasledbyJeffersonandthosearguingthatthefederalgovernmentneededtohavemorecontrolfollowingHamilton.•Increasingly,thenorthernersbecamemorepolarizedagainstslavery.Sympathiesbegantogrowforabolitionistsandagainstslavery.Thisoccurredespeciallyaftersomemajoreventsincluding:thepublishingofHarrietBeecherStowe’sUncleTom’sCabin,theDredScottCase,JohnBrown’sRaid,andthepassageofthefugitiveslaveact.Cause3:AbolitionismHarrietBeecherStowe1811-1896SothisistheladywhostartedtheCivilWar.--AbrahamLincolnUncleTom’sCabin1852Sold300,000copiesinthefirstyear.illegalinsouthCAUSE4•SouthernStatesfelttheywerebulliedbytheNorthwhenLincoln,anopenabolitionistwaselectedTheCivilWar:Unionvs.ConfederacyConfederateArmyledbyJeffersonDavis.UnionArmyledbyAbrahamLincoln.Con