英语口语的意群与停顿

英语口语的意群与停顿I.绕口令练习1.Abigblackbugbitthebackofabigblackbear.Thebigblackbearbitbackthebigblackbug.2.Thisfishhasathinfin;thatfishhasafatfin;thisfishisafishthathasathinnerfinthanthatfish.思考：不注意节奏和停顿会造成哪些问题？A.按照中文的思维习惯，随心所欲把句子“大卸八块”；B.练习肺活量，一句话从头连到尾不喘气；II．如何把握英语朗读的节奏与停顿？英语句子也有自己拆分的规则。要把握好节奏和停顿，必须了解英语的意群和停顿。A.意群(Sense-group)一个句子可以是一个语调组,但语调组并不等于一个句子。小于句子的语音单位是意群。意群是句子内部有相对完整意义的一组词。既然有一定的意义,就必然有表征一定意义的某种语调类型。B.停顿(Pause)在一个较长的句子中,如果按意群来读,意群之间稍加停顿,就可以让听者听清我们语流中的意群和句子,也可以喘一口气,接着再说,而且能体现出英语所特有的节奏和韵律,但是在一个意群中不可停顿。C．停顿的方法语言虽然是一个一个音组成的,但不是一个音一个音或一个词一个词吐出来的,而是一组一组,一群一群相互密切联系的意群组合。意群之间可以由好几个单词组成,也可以只是一个单词组成。意群和意群之间可以有微弱的停顿（但不一定要停顿）。为了在朗读或说话时把意群很好地联系在一起,就需要恰当的停顿,拖音或连读来一气呵成。至于意群之间停顿的频率问题,这就要看讲话或朗读的速度,讲得慢时停顿就多些,反之就少些。示例：里根总统第二任就职演说词:Wemustdowhatweknowisright,anddoitwithallourmight.(我们必须做我们知道是正确的事,而且要全力去做。)决不能读成We/must/do/what/we/know/isright,/anddo/itwithall/ourmight.长句中有短暂的停顿,藉以调和呼吸,这是自然的现象,但停顿的地方必须恰到好处。通常在:1.有标点符号的地方;2.词组或思想单元之间。短语,从句等思想单元（即意群）成一单位,但它们之间可以短暂停顿。例如:Wemustdo/whatweknowisright,/anddoit/withallourmight.(斜线为可以稍做停顿之处).小窍门：有人曾对停顿时间的长短提出过一个大致的比例:意群之间如没有标点符号,停半拍;有逗号处停一拍;有分号处停两拍;有句号处停三拍。当然不一定这么机械,但大致上还应有一个适当的停顿时间比例。练习：朗读并用斜杠标出句子中的意群1.Theyliveinthatlargehouse/ontheotherside/ofthebridge.//2.Inthemorning/theboygoestoschoolearly.//Sometimes/hewaslate,/becausehismotherwasinpoorhealth.//3.Itisveryimportantforus/totakepartinmanuallabour/fromtimetotime.//4.Doyourememberallthoseyears/whenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillus/butthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure.5.However,whetheritcomesfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.6.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingoverisforreal.7.Shesellsseashellsbytheseashore.Theshellsshesellsaresurelyseashells.Soifshesellsshellsontheseashore,I'msureshesellsseashoreshells.8.Icannotbeartoseeabearbeardownuponahare.Whenbareofhairhestripsthehare,rightthereIcry,Forbear!9.Thereoncewasamanwhohadasister,hisnamewasMr.Fister.Mr.Fister'ssistersoldseashellsbytheseashore.Mr.Fisterdidn'tsellseashells；hesoldsilksheets.Mr.Fistertoldhissisterthathesoldsixsilksheetstosixshieks.ThesisterofMr.FistersaidIsoldsixshellstosixshiekstoo!10.Howmuchwoodwouldawoodchuckchuckifawoodchuckcouldchuckwood？Awoodchuckwouldchuckallthewoodawoodchuckcouldchuckifawoodchuckcouldchuckwood.Howmanycookiescouldagoodcookcook？Ifagoodcookcouldcookcookies,agoodcookcouldcookasmuchcookiesasagoodcookwhocouldcookcookies.11.Asnow-whiteswanswamswiftlytocatchaslowly-swimmingsnakeinalake.12.Oncetwohunterswenthuntingintheforest.Oneofthemsuddenlyfelldownbyaccident.Heshowedthewhitesofhiseyesandseemedtohaveceasedbreathing.Theotherhuntersoontookouthismobilephonetocalltheemergencycenterforhelp.Theoperatorsaidcalmly:First,youshouldmakesurethatheisalreadydead.Thentheoperatorheardagunshotfromtheotherendofthephoneandnextheheardthehunterasking:WhatshouldIdonext参考答案：1.Theyliveinthatlargehouse/ontheotherside/ofthebridge.//2.Inthemorning/theboygoestoschoolearly.//Sometimes/hewaslate,/becausehismotherwasinpoorhealth.//3.Itisveryimportantforus/totakepartinmanuallabour/fromtimetotime.//4.Doyourememberallthoseyears/whenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillus/butthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure.5.However,whetheritcomesfromthecommonancestor/thatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,/is,/asyet,/anunansweredquestion.//6.Whatishardertoestablish/iswhethertheproductivityrevolution/thatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingover/isforreal.//7.Shesellsseashells/bytheseashore.//Theshellsshesells/aresurelyseashells.//So/ifshesellsshells/ontheseashore,I'msure/shesellsseashoreshells.8.Icannotbeartoseeabear/beardownuponahare.//Whenbareofhair/hestripsthehare,/rightthere/Icry,/Forbear!//9.Thereoncewasaman/whohadasister;/hisnamewasMr.Fister.//Mr.Fister'ssistersoldseashells/bytheseashore.Mr.Fister/didn'tsellseashells；/hesoldsilksheets.//Mr.Fistertoldhissister/thathesoldsixsilksheetstosixshieks.ThesisterofMr.Fistersaid/Isoldsixshellstosixshiekstoo!//10.Howmuchwood/wouldawoodchuckchuck/ifawooodchuck/couldchuckwood？Awoodchuck/wouldchuckallthewood/awoodchuckcouldchuck/ifawoodchuckcouldchuckwood.//Howmanycookies/could/agoodcook/cook？Ifagoodcook/couldcookcookies,agoodcook/couldcook/asmuchcookies/asagoodcook/whocouldcookcookies.//11.Asnow-whiteswan/swamswiftly/tocatchaslowly-swimmingsnake/inalake.//12.Once/twohunterswenthunting/intheforest.Oneofthem/suddenlyfelldown/byaccident.Heshowedthewhitesofhiseyes/andseemedtohaveceasedbreathing.Theotherhunter/soontookouthismobilephone/tocalltheemergencycenter/forhelp.//Theoperatorsaidcalmly,/First,/youshouldmakesure/thatheisalreadydead.//Then/theoperator/heardagunshot/fromtheotherendofthephone/andnextheheardthehunterasking,/WhatshouldIdonext?//