江安河水质特征分析及治理对策研究-李雷

32120132四川环境SICHUANENVIRONMENTVol.32No.1February2013··2012-07-121990－2009。李雷，黄俊峰，张春梅，雷言，李嘉610065采用综合评价与分类评价相结合的方法，分析江安河水质特征，旨在发现影响河流水质的主要污染物和污染源，为江安河水污染防治和水资源利用提供科学依据。2011年10月对江安河全段水质进行了统一标准监测，监测项目有氨氮、总磷、COD、浊度，共4个项目;2012年4月再一次对江安河全段进行监测，并增加测量其水体中几种重金属含量。总体上，上游和中游断面均属清洁水质，下游断面属污染水质。河流综合污染指数、营养盐类污染指数、重金属污染指数均沿流程顺序增高。主要污染物为化学需氧量、氮磷类污染物。上游多为农业灌溉区，中下游污染较为严重，其中生活源、工业源排放的污水是影响江安河水质的主要污染源。X522A1001-3644201301-0066-06AnalysisofWaterQualityofJiang'anRiverandStudyonControlMethodsLILeiHUANGJun-fengZHANGChun-meiLEIYanLIJiaCollegeofWaterResources＆HydropowerSCUChengdu610065ChinaAbstractInordertofindoutthemainpollutantsandpollutionsourcesthatimpacttheriverqualitysoastoprovidescientificbasisforpollutionpreventionandwaterresourceutilizationofJiang'anRiverthemethodsofcomprehensiveevaluationandevaluationclassificationwerecombinedtoanalyzethewaterquality．InOctober2011fouritemsincludingammonianitrogentotalphosphorusCODandturbidityweremonitoredwithuniformstandardsatallsectionsoftheriver．ThesecondmonitoringwasconductedinApril2012forthefouritemsaboveplusthecontentsofsomeheavymetals．Overallthewaterinsectionsofbothupstreamandmidstreamwerecleanthewaterindownstreamsectionswaspolluted．Thepollutionindexessuchascomprehensivepollutionindexnutrientsaltspollutionindexandheavymetalspollutionindexincreasedalongthedownstream．ThemainpollutantswereCODandsubstancescontainingnitrogenand/orphosphorus．Theareasofupstreamweremostlytheirrigationagriculturalzonewhiletheareasofmidstreamanddownstreamwerepollutedseriousmainlyresultingfromdomesticsewageandindustrialwastewater．KeywordsJiang'anRiverwaterqualityanalysiscomprehensiveindex118、、、5。、、96km。269km229.9m3/s9.42m3。31.15km。50～70m2.5‰13.4m3/s20m3/s150～250m3/s199945123890738268673。、、、、。。。22.1、1。1Tab.1SamplingsitesandsurroundingsofJiang'anriverkm00.642.344.851.2、、76.5、81.594.52.2HJ536-2009《》GB11893-89《》CODTAS-9902～4。1。1Fig.1Themapofmonitoringpoints2201110Tab.2TheJiang'anrivermonitoringdataofpollutionindexinOctober2011mNH3-Nmg/LTPmg/LCODmg/L00.700.04108.270.60.700.0536.6142.30.670.03135.6244.81.210.0386.5676.53.690.391719881.54.700.332311094.56.240.772183.70320124Tab.3TheJiang'anrivermonitoringdataofpollutionindexinApril2012kmNH3-Nmg/LTPmg/LCODmg/L00.350.02513.142.30.37062.344.81.110.01172.751.27.700.1767354.076.516.590.411126.381.529.381.225722.494.512.800.532020.74Tab.4ThemonitoringdataofheavymetalsindryseasonofJiang'anrivermg/LZnCdPbZnCdPb0.010.490.170.010.110.020.050.090.010.160.210.050.122.3GB/3838－002《》2356。7615201110Tab.5EvaluationresultofpollutionindexesofJiang'anriverinOctober2011mg/LNH3-NTPCODⅢⅡⅠⅢⅡⅠⅢⅡⅠⅣⅡⅠⅣⅤⅢⅤⅤⅣⅤⅤⅣ620124Tab.6EvaluationresultofpollutionindexesofJiang'anriverinApril2012mg/LNH3-NTPCODⅡⅠⅠⅡⅠⅠⅣⅠⅢⅤⅢⅤⅤⅤⅡⅤⅤⅤⅤⅤⅢ。。。COD。。4Ⅱ。33.194.5kmⅢ42.3km44.8%52.2km55.2%。。5、6ⅤCOD、、。。COD。GB5749－854。CJ/T95－20005。。。3.26。。Pi=Ci/SiCiimg/LSiimg/LPii。。。。。P=1nΣni=1PiPnPi。3.33《》GB3838－2002Ⅲ7。86四川环境327Tab.7TheratingstandardsofpollutantsNH3-N≤P≤COD≤Simg/L1.00.2203n3。S1、S2、S3、COD。8～10。8Tab.8ThecomprehensivepollutionindexesindifferentsectionsofJiang'anriverinfloodseasonC1mg/L0.70.700.671.213.694.706.24C2mg/L0.040.050.030.030.390.330.77C3mg/L103138172321P10.70.700.671.213.694.706.24P20.200.250.150.151.951.653.85P30.50.150.650.400.851.151.05P0.470.370.490.592.162.503.719Tab.9ThecomprehensivepollutionindexesindifferentsectionsofJiang'anriverindryseasonC1mg/L0.350.371.117.7016.5929.3812.80C2mg/L0.0200.010.170.411.220.53C3mg/L561767115720P10.350.371.117.7016.5929.3812.80P20.1000.050.852.056.102.65P30.250.300.853.350.552.751.00P0.230.220.673.976.4012.745.48C1、C2、C3、CODS。10Tab.10ThelevelsofsurfacewaterqualityPP≤0.200.71～1.000.21～0.401.01～2.000.41～0.70＞2.007P。。2、3、4。2Fig.2ThechangesoftotalphosphorusalongthedownstreamofJiang'anriver9612、345km。。4、、、。。。。4.178、。。、、、、、。AAO。96%。。。4.2。、。、N、P、、。1000m8500m2。。8、。4.3、、、。。。4.4。。、。07四川环境32。5。。。1.M.1992．2GB/3838-2002S.3.J.·201024271-73．4GB5749-85S.5CJ/T95-2000S.6.J.2011225150-156．7.J.20071125-27．8Ju-ChangHuangChiiShang.AirStrippingA.AdvancedPhysi-cochemicalTreatmentProcessesC.HumanaPress2006Vol-ume4．47-79．171