初中定语从句复习

AttributiveClauses定语从句GrammarMatchthetwosentences1.I’mreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._______________________________________2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._______________________________________3.Idon’tliketheman.Heissmoking.____________________________________4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._______________________________________I’mreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.Idon’tlikethemanwhoissmoking.Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek?一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。e.g.1.ThisisthebandthatIlikebest.先行词关系词定语从句2.I’mlookingforthephoto先行词whichyoutookinAustralia.关系词定语从句二、定语从句的分类限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1.That’sthebesthotelthatIknow.2.Thesearethebookswhichyouneed.1.Hissons,bothofwhomworkabroad,ringherupeveryweek.2.Thebike,forwhichhepaid300yuan,isnowworth150yuan.限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句关系词关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词:when,where,why关系代词：指物：thatwhich指人：who(主/宾格)thatwhom（宾格）三、定语从句的关系词Thisisadream.Thedreamwillnevercometrue.Thisisadreamwhich/thatwillnevercometrue.Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.Thedogwhichwaslosthasbeenfound.Practise:1.Thisisthehousewhichisforsale.2.Thebookwhichislyingonthefloorismine.which/that作主语.(不能省)（作主语）which/that作宾语：（可省略）Thisisthecard.I’vejustreceivedthecard.Thisisthecardwhich/thatI’vejustreceived.Practise:1.Thisisthemistakewhich/thatIalwaysmake.2.Istillkeeptheletterswhichshewrotetome.3.Ilostthepenwhichmyfatherboughtme.()（作宾语）如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词用that、which.(作主语或宾语)who——用于指人（在句中做宾语时用whom）。e.g.1.DoyouknowthegirlwhoiswearingawhiteT-shirt?2.Hisfatheristhepersonwhowillbethemostunhappy.3.Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto？whose——用来指人或物，(只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）。e.g.1.Theyranovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.2.Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.3.Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.4.What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?5.Noonelivesinthehousewhosewindowswerebroken.请注意以下几点用法：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句尾时，who，that，which可省略；但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。e.g.1.Thisisthehouse（that/which）welivedinlastyear.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.2.Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto？WhoistheteachertowhomLiMingistalking？（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。e.g.Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.（3）that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。e.g.Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.e.g.1.Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.2.YaoMingisthebestbasketballplayerthatwelove.以下情况只能用that引导b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代词时，只能用that,而不用which.e.g.1.Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？2.EverythingthatonshowismadeinChina.以下情况只能用that引导c.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.e.g.1.ThisisthelittlemilkthatIhave.2.It’stheonlybandthatgetseveryonedancing.以下情况只能用that引导d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that,而不用which.e.g.1.IcanstillrememberthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.2.Theyknowthegirlsandthecarsthatareoverthere.以下情况只能用that引导e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复,只能用that.e.g.1.Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？2.Whichisthepenthatmadeabroad?以下情况只能用that引导f.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.e.g.1.ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.2.Therearesomesheeponthehillthatareeatinggrass.以下情况只能用that引导（5）以下情况关系词只能用which，而不用that：a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.e.g.What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.e.g.Thisistheroominwhichhelives.c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.e.g.Tomcameback，whichmadeushappy.五、关系副词when,where,why的用法e.g.1.Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。2.I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.3.we’llneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstcametoBeijing.ｗhen——指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。where——指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。e.g.1.Thisistheplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。2.ThosearethecountrieswhereIvisitedlastyear.3.That’sthehousewhereIwasborn.why——指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。e.g.1.Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。2.Thesearethereasonswhywedoit.这些就是我们这样做的理由。ExⅠ单项填空。1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather？-Yes，he’sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim？A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday？A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.thatagreesD.whichagreeBBCAC6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichD.who7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who’sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich.8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was9.Ilovethepeople______arereallyfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.weliveinBACDD11.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where12.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which13.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when14.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.that