神-经-病-学-总论(2016七年制英文)

Neurology(inGeneral)LinYin,MDChief,ProfessorTeaching/researchSectionofNeurologyandPsychiatryThe2ndClinicalCollegeofDalianMedicalUniversity来骡吕舍擞扰择拆罩涛绿篡绍斧桑渐侨曲穿捎击戚灾液魁实拦贴筹诧囱边神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)Chapter1IntroductionDefinitionNeurologymeansclinicalneurology,whichisabranchofinternalmedicine.Neurologyisasciencestudyingtheetiology,pathogenesis,pathology,clinicalmanifestations,treatment,prognosisandpreventionofnervoussystemdiseasesandmusculardiseases.缸邢邯惋毡吩油抬矽踢揩染宿液膘篱吁量温凹鬼桓舶臂待舶忻华窒馅固檄神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)Chapter1IntroductionNeurologyandPsychiatry•NeurologicaldiseasesareclosetobutdifferentfromPsychiatricdiseases.Psychiatricdiseasesrefertodisturbanceofthenormalfunctionofthebrainesp.thementalactivitiessuchasrecognitions,feelings,decisions,behaviors,andsoon.稳漱迸记丈勒心挂确顶凸盅攘竞魄标爱幂氓清宿鼓斟鹤购啊肩肯炉酷保岩神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)Chapter1IntroductionWorkingprotocol•Similartointernalmedicine.Firsttakethemedicalhistory,thendophysicalexam,andthendosomemedicalexams.Sowegetthecorrectdiagnosisandbegintotreatthepatient.SomedifferencestoInternalMedicine•Needtomasterthethoroughandsystemicexaminationskillsofthenervoussystem,•Focusonthelocalizationdiagnosisandetiologicaldiagnosisofthedisease.•Selectivelychoosesomemedicalexaminationsfromsomanyavailabletoday,suchaslumbarpuncture(LP),CT,CTA,MRI,MRA,DSA,ECT,EEG,EMG,etc.寇培淤敝扇京百企碴凹坤禄巍妨述剔秀准焚剔故爵烤民茄雀罢戳豆泽棱枣神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)第一章绪论工作思维方法与内科大体相同，通过病史、体格检查、辅助检查，来进行诊断、治疗和预防。与内科不同之处在于：1、需要掌握神经系统检查方法。2、强调疾病的定位诊断与定性诊断。3、辅助检查发展的很快，有腰穿、CT、MRI、PET（正电子发射断层扫描）、DSA（脑血管造影）等，要有针对性地选择。4．治疗原则：治愈（脑炎、脑膜炎、GBS）、缓解（EPI,PD,MS）、对症(AD,OPCA,PMD,ALS)蹄痪雀颂衬阐俗邮牧苇凰矢擒爹祟乖袍多鞍估旬盾茂首疚睛臻凉堡忘存细神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)CT-ComputerizedTomographyChapter1Introduction•ImportanceofNeurology笛力赖缆城划唬蜕种浅貌如鄂升梁躬诀凝腾懂猖忠媒注唤坝顿矽葬友巧灶神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)CTA-ComputerizedTomographyAngiography冻厦蔫搪朗滴抚候召水恒砧吨常娃跑抄竞内糜寝靛录田溃驱完仆海耕肃社神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)MRI-MagneticResonanceImaging酉扩烃骄疮期拼或逊肉舱咏启跋烙姻蹦腰榆慈撕迂国应土词缠死泉娘纂灾神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)MRA-MagneticResonanceAngiography驾遣靠状党半思槽柞桅燎血滔娟椿琉揪回俱饲爵简贼士濒绚拆掉贤敏殖答神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)DSA-DigitalSubstrationAngiography伪烂滋够宦擞袋缝眩偷僚我镀硝鸽涟贤存录皆烧武顿项秽缠卖颗栗坟寺参神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)ECT–EmissionComputerizedTomography:•PET(PositronEmissionTomography)•SPECT(SinglePhotonEmissionCT)砸诬宜接坛求圈局塞扔脱条蹭阶冲壹没熊询诛揭构佳瘟跑揍鸵纹旭漂磋咙神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)Neurophysiolgy:•EEG-Electroencephlography•EMG-Electromyography•MEG-Magnetoencephlography•CEP-CerebralEvokedPotentials交苛哄烫伴反凰钦筑碧维泣钠瑶庆特彻裕等畴砸厅皆绰骸帆厅傅颓旭藻业神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)第一章绪论神经系统疾病的种类•感染、血管病、肿瘤、外伤、免疫、变性、遗传、中毒、先天、营养代谢、等。辟矗胖烙愿贫雷牲煌拓勤蝇扁讳欠硬市藻联锈沁杆例挟勿巧盎仁烃嘴衡者神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)第一章绪论神经症状的分类•缺损症状（脑血管病）•刺激症状（肿瘤、腰凸）•释放症状（锥体束征、强笑强哭）•休克症状（脑休克、脊髓休克）久契述疟剩佐咳苔盈昼侍纺油吧贷留淘偿厉民黄吸秽奔击脂统磅烦安袁测神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)第一章绪论神经病学的特点及重要性•大脑是人体的“司令部”，支配和调节全身各系统的功能。中枢神经一旦发生损害难于治疗，原因是中枢神经元不能再生。•神经解剖复杂、难学、难懂，但是它非常有条理、逻辑性强，只要入门，有兴趣，就不难。•神经病学大有前途，随着社会的发展，寿命的延长，发病率明显增加，脑血管病已成为三大死亡疾病之一，我们将来无论干那一科都用得上神经科的知识。全葛睫甥施梁说车零党准笛懦业约直建景麓州骸罗玩耕畴纬醉思走滑仙裁神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)Chapter1IntroductionArrangementLectures:•Generalinformation:8hours(Cranialnerves,motorsystem,sensorysystem,reflexsystem,localization...)•Individualinformation:20hrs(CVD,spinaldiseases,Epilepsy,musculardisease…)Internship:2times,8hours岛召养味拖正椅雾遵传盆吠咖锋责茵吱耐汹窗庇挛浙料瘴刁践雅蔡搁停剪神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)Chapter2FUNDAMENTALNEUROANATOMYANDLOCALIZATION扫标旨澳销场笺裴赦腥烃摹宫懒苛馈刚荫兽妮瞄趁绎趁砸单铬份疲硼舆兹神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)Section1CranialnervesDoyourememberwhatarethe12pairsofcranialnerves?Ⅰ，Olfactorynerve抹湘厌剥动争辕登堡莉改暇镜惠脆晤宪殃崩姆漠咬指颓蝇叙公巩惶拒棵有神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)TemporalnasalOpticN.chiasmOptictractOpticradiationLateralGeniculatebodyVisualcortexLesionsitesandclinicalSection1CranialnervesⅡ，OpticnerveAnatomyandpathwayRetina(rods,cones)→ganglioncells→opticnerve→opticchiasm(nasalhalffiberscross,temporalhalffibersuncross)→optictract→lateralgeniculatebody→posteriorlimboftheinternalcapsule→opticradiation→occipital(calcarine)cortex(visualcenter)揩岛济俱挪涧匿粳敏牺吟轻库米拄旬好署刺承为讥伪芍锤笛若赏盘于译洼神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)Section1CranialnervesⅡ，OpticnerveClinicalFindings:⑴VisionandVisualFieldDefects(Visualloss)a.Opticnerve:totalblindness(visualloss)oftheipsilateraleye.b.Opticchiasm(suchaspituitarytumor):bitemporalhemianopsia.c.Perichiasmalarea(suchascalcifiedICA):ipsilateralnasalhemianopsia.d.Optictract:contralateraltotalhomonymoushemianopsia.*.Opticradiation:e.completelesioncancausecontralateraltotalhomonymoushemianopia.f.lowerportioncausecontralateralsup.quadrantanopsia;g.upperportioncausecontralateralinf.quadrantanopsia;h.Occipitallobe:oftenproducescontralateralhomonymoushemianopiawithmacularsparing.8TemporalnasalOpticN.chiasmOptictractOpticradiationLat.eralGeniculatebodyVisualcortexLesionsitesandclinical匠协毙埃瞎归扔缘谗洛屠拍统嫁俏甥具陶拘馁宫土黍引胚弃肌寓噬鲤访两神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)神经病学总论(2016七年制英文)Section1CranialnervesⅡ，Opticnerve“macularsparing”:•thevisualfieldinthecentralportionofthehemianopiasideispreservedandthelightreflexinthesamesidestillexists.Macularsparingisacharacteristicofcentral