中美地铁车站火灾疏散设计规范对比与分析-吴娇蓉

37820098()JOURNALOFTONGJIUNIVERSITY(NATURALSCIENCE)Vol.37No.8Aug.2009:0253-374X(2009)08-1034-06DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0253-374x.2009.08.009:2008-04-21:/0(2006AA11Z202):(1973)),,,,.E-mail:[e-mail].吴娇蓉,冯建栋,陈小鸿(,201804):5656,,,,.:;;;;:U491.2:AComparativeStudyofSubwayStationEvacuationDesignofPRChinaandUSAWUJiaorong,FENGJiandong,CHENXiaohong(KeyLaboratoryofRoadandTransportationEngineeringoftheMinistryofEducation,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai200092,China)Abstract:BasedonacomparativestudyofthefireemergencyevacuationdesignspecifiedinChina.scurrent/SubwayDesignSpecifications0and/NFPA130StandardforFixedGuidewayTransitandPassengerRailSystems-2007Edition0byNationalFireProtecitonAssociation,deficienciesof/SubwayDesignSpecifications0arerevealed.Theescalatorcapacityisexpectedtobetoolarge,andwalkingspeedofpassengersbymeansofevacuationfacilityisnotwelldefined.Inaddition,theevacuationdesignisnotwellspecified.Finally,thepaperpresentssomeproposalsforimproving/SubwayDesignSpecifications0ofChina.Keywords:undergroundfire;designspecification;humanevacuatingtime;capacity;walkingspeed,,.,.,,.56(GB50157)2003)[1](56),.5656(5NFPA130StandardforFixedGuidewayTransitandPassengerRailSystems-2007Edition6)[2](56),,.,56,,;56,..56,,,56.156562003530,81.,6.561.18,:,,6min(5619.1.19).1.2,6min.(568.3.9).,90%(5619.1.18).,1(568.3.16).1Tab.1Capacityofthestationelements/(#h-1)1m4200370032001m500040001m0.50m#s-181000.65m#s-1[9600120030026001500IC18001800IC21001.3(568.3.10):T=1+(Q1+Q2)0.9[A1(N-1)+A2B]:1,min;Q1,;Q2,;A1,#(min#m)-1;A2,#(min#m)-1;N;B,m;,,,,,,..,().:1,(N-1)0.9.2565620072006728,817.56.2.1:,()4min(565.5.6.1);:,6min(565.5.6.2).:,,,(563.3.33).2.2:0.0819#(mm#min)-1;37.8m#min-1;,61.0m#min-1(565.5.6.3.1).:;0.0555#(mm#min)-1,14.63m#min-1();;,,(565.5.6.3.2).:50#min-1,25#min-1(565.5.6.3.4).:915mm,0.0893#(mm#min)-1(565.5.6.3.3).2.3,(561035()37C.1.2).:,.356563.1:56,;56,.,5656.,56,56,,.3.2:56,6min;56,4min,6min.56)))6min(1min,5min),56,.56.3.35656,.5656.,56;,(0.9),;,56,.56();56,,.56562.,.2Tab.2ComparisionofsubwaystationevacutionfacilityindexbetweenChinaandUSA561)562)12)562)12)()/(m#min)-146E37.8(61)3)F(D)3)/(#(m#h)-1)5000(4000)4)49205)E4914E/(m#min)-115(18)6)E14.63E/(#(m#h)-1)3700(4200)7)3330(3780)7)1828(3108)8)C(E)8)3330E/(m#min)-114.63/(#(m#h)-1)8100([9600)9)7290([8640)9)540010)3330/(#(m#s)-1)2/311)1.48831)56,0.9.2)5TransitCapacityandQualityofServiceManual6(2ndEdition(2003))56.3)().4),.5).6),,,/,,2(26.6b).7),.8),0~20%,0,20%.9)0.65,0.50m#s-1.10)0.61m#s-1.11).12)5TransitCapacityandQualityofServiceManual6(2nded,2003),,A,B,C,D,E,F.5610368,:5656,:),56.(56,.),56,56.,565613.5%,.(,//,(180b),.),5656155%..,,5656,,.56,[3],,.,.3.456,(,min),1min.56Fp..(13),6.,300,2100(350,A410),2400.150m,6.5m.,.:1Fig.1Platformlevelofside-platformstationinShanghai3Tab.3Facilitysizeofside-platformstationinShanghaim150.06.51.98.01.08.03.03.4.1565656,4.56,.1,4min.Fp=Lp/Cpe=5.616min4min(Fp+156)2,6min.Wp=Fp-T1=4.74minLc=Lp-FpCes=2400Wfp=Ffb-Fp,Ffb=Lc/Cf=2.314minWfb=Ffb-Fp,Wfb=0Wc=[Fc-max(Ffb,Fp)]Fc=Lc/Cce=3.931min,Wc=0Tet=T+Wp+Wfb+WcTet=8.18min6min,Fp;Lp;Cpe;Wp;Lc;Ces;Wfp();Ffb;Cf;Wc;Fc;Cce;Tet;T1;T.3.4.256565656.1037()375.456Tab.4Exitinganalysisofsampleside-platformstationinNFPA130standard/mm/(#mm-1#min-1)/(#min-1)319000.0555316.35(N-1)210000.0555111.0002))0.05550.00427.3510500251)500.00000.08190232800.0819537.2641037.264420000.0555444.0(N-1)310000.0555166.502))0.05550610.5/m/(m#min-1)/minT133.037.70.88T210.230.00.34T354.037.71.43T411.730.00.39T515.037.70.40T=T1+T2+T3+T4+T5=3.44min1),/25#min-1#-10.5.2),,.5.556Tab.5Exitinganalysisofsampleside-platformstationinSubwayDesignSpecificationsmm/(#mm-1#min-1)/(#min-1)319000.063359.1(N-1)210000.140279.00)0.0630638.11050025.0005000)0.0750232800.075492992420000.063504.0(N-1)310000.140418.50)0.0630922.5/m/(m#min-1)1)/minT133450.73T210.2400.26T354451.20T411.7400.29T515450.33T=T1+T2+T3+T4+T5=2.81min1),))[4-6].10388,:56,.1,4min.Fp=Lp/Cpe=3.761min4min2,6min.Wp=Fp-T1=3.03minLc=Lp-(FpCes)=2400Wfp=Ffb-Fp,Ffb=Lc/Cf=2.419minWfb=Ffb-Fp,Wfb=0Wc=[Fc-max(Ffb,Fp)],Wc=0Fc=Lc/Cce=2.602minTet=T+Wp+Wfb+Wc=5.84min6min3.5,56,,;56,,,.,,56,,.4564.15656,:(),.56/0,.,:¹;º,,,,.,,.4.2,,))).56:¹;º.,,[7-8].,,.,.56().56,.,(Fp,Ffb),56,;,.56,/))0,,,.4.356,56,.56,0.9.,,,;,56,0.9,.,.56,56,56;2.2(2),,,,.56,))[4-6],56,.45m#min-1,5619.4%,;40m#min-1,5633.4%,;30m#min-1,56.,,5656.56.(1138)1039()37b=1,;,b1.:.:[1]MertonR.Onthepricingofcorporatedebt:theriskstructureofinterestrates[J].JournalofFinance,1974,29:449.[2]BlackF,CoxJC.Valuingcorporatesecurities:someeffectsofbondindentureprovisions[J].JournalofFinance,1976,31:351.[3]JarrowR,Turnbull,S.Pricingderivativesonfinancialsecuritiessubjecttocreditrisk[J].JournalofFinance,1995,50:53.[4]JarrowR,LamdoD,TurnbullS.Amarkovmodelforthetermstructureofcreditriskspreads[J].ReviewofFinancialStudies,1997,10:481.[5]DuffieD,SingletonKJ.Modelingtermstructureofdefaultablebonds[J].ReviewofFinancialStudies,1999,12:687.[6]VasicekO.Anequilibriumcharacterizationofthetermstructure[J].TheJournalofFinancialEconomics,1977(5):177.[7]CampbellJY.Adefenseoftradi