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高考英语阅读理解(经典题型+解题技巧)超级攻略分析历年高考英语试卷,我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下几种题型:主旨大意题,细节理解题,推理判断题(含写作意图、目的等),词义猜测题。英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略是学生提高阅读理解多需要具备的。I.主旨大意题1.归纳标题题•这类题在设题时常会用到title,subject,mainidea,topic,theme等词。•1.归纳标题题•特点:短小精悍;涵盖性强;精确性强。常见命题形式有:•What’sthebesttitleforthetext?•Thebesttitleforthispassageis___.•Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?Whyispinkorpurpleacolorforgirlsandblueorbrownforboys?Theanswerdependslargelyonculturalvaluesaswellaspersonalexperiences.TotheEgyptians,greenwasacolorthatrepresentedthehopeandjoyofspring,whileforMuslims,itmeansheaven.Redisasymbolofgoodluckinmanycultures.InChina,childrenaregivenmoneyinaredenvelopetobringgoodfortuneintheNewYear.Formanynations,blueisasymbolofprotectionandreligiousbeliefs.Greekpeopleoftenwearabluenecklacehopingtoprotectthemselvesagainstevils(灾祸).People'schoiceofcolorsisalsoinfluencedbytheirbodies'reactions(反应)towardthem.Greenissaidtobethemostrestfulcolor.Ithastheabilitytoreducepainandrelaxpeoplebothmentallyandphysically.Peoplewhoworkingreenenvironmenthavebeenfoundtohavefewerstomachaches.Redcancauseaperson'sbloodpressuretoriseandincreasepeople'sappetites(食欲).Manydecoratorswillincludedifferentshadesofredintherestaurant.Similarly,manycommercialwebsiteswillhavearedBuyNowbuttonbecauseredisacolorthateasilycatchesaperson'seye.Blueisanothercalmingcolor.Unlikered,bluecancausepeopletoloseappetite.Soifyouwanttoeatless,somesuggestthateatingfromblueplatescanhelp.Thenexttimeyouaredecidingonwhattowearorwhatcolortodecorateyourroom,thinkaboutthecolorcarefully.63.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostpropertitleforthetext?A.ColorsandHumanBeingsB.TheCulturalMeaningofColorC.ColorsandPersonalExperiencesD.TheMeaningandFunctionofColor2.概括大意题•包括寻找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(mainidea),常见命题形式有:•Whatisthegeneral/mainideaofthepassage?Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainidea?•Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?•Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat_____.•Thepassage/textismainlyabout_____.•What’sthearticlemainlyabout?•JoshuaBinghamstudied4yearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.•Q:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?__•A.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.•B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.•C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.•D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.解题技巧•阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文,这两种文体的结构可归纳为:提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章,抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点。主题句在文章中的位置主要有以下几种情况。•位于段首:一般而言,以演绎法撰写的文章,主题句往往在文章的开头,即先点出主题,然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第一句是否为主题句,可具体分析段落的首句与第二,三句的关系;如果从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明,论述或描述,那第一句就是主题句。有些段落,在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词,如forexample,anexampleof;first,second,next,last,finally;tobeginwith,also,besides;one,theother;some,others等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。•位于段尾:有些文章会在开头列举事实,然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此,如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话,最好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子,看看它是否具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主題句的特征,段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。一般说来,当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时,主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。如so,therefore,thus,consequently;inconclusion,inshort;inaword,tosumup等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。•位于段中:有时段落是先介绍背景和细节,接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例,然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现。归纳起来主要有两种情况:先提出问题,然后给予回答(主题句),最后给予解释;或者,先提出问题,然后点出主题思想(主题句),最后给予解释。。•首尾呼应:主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现,形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容,但用词不尽相同,这样不但强调了主题思想,而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单重复,后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述,或对要点作一概括,或使之引申留给读者去思考。•无明确主题句:找关键词(出现频率较高),归纳总结II细节理解题•考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是:答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然,答案并不一定是文章中的原句,考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。1.事实细节题→寻读法•分为直接理解题和间接理解题,前者常用who,what,which,when,where,why和how提问,或判断正误;后者需与原文信息转换,表达上与原文有差异。常见命题形式有:•Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?•Allthefollowingarementionedexcept•Whichofthefollowingismentioned(notmentioned)?•Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/right/false/wrongabout…?………Markhadbeenscoldedbeforefortouchinghisfather’sequipment.Buthiscuriositywasdifficulttocontrolandthisnewcomputerreallypuzzledhim.………•56.WhydidMarktouchthecomputeragainsthisfather’swarning?•A.Hewantedtotakeavoyage.•B.Hewantedtopracticehisskill•C.Hewassomuchattractedbyit.•D.Hewaseagertodoanexperiment.2.排列顺序题→首尾定位法(找出第一个事件和最后一个事件,用排除法缩小范围)•常出现在记叙文和说明文中,一般按事件发生的顺序。常见命题形式有:•Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderof…?•WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofsignalsdescribedinParagraph…?•Sincethe1970s,scientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Brain-computerinterface(BCI)technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.…….Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp(头皮)andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommandsthemotorizedwheelchair.Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommandsfromthebrain.……..•73.WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph5?•A.scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair•B.computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair•C.scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair•D.cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair•3.图文匹配题→按图索骥理清线索•设题形式:给出图表,根据图表提问问题。•4.数字计算题→(方法:审题→带着问题找细节→对比、分析、计算)•可直接找到相关细节,但需经过计算方可找到答案。III推理判断题•主要考查学生对文章中隐含或深
本文标题:高考英语阅读理解(经典题型+
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