2010高考英语词汇400题及详解

2010高考英语词汇400题及详解101.ProfessorSmithandProfessorBrownwill_____ingivingtheclasslectures.A.exchangeB.alterC.shiftD.alternate[答案]D.alternate.[注释]alternatevt./vi.轮流，交替发生或出现：Wetdaysalternatewithfinedays.(晴雨天交替更迭。)Theweathertodaywillalternatebetweenfineandcloudy.(今天的天气将是晴间多云。)shift般动，移动（vt.）；转移到，迁移（vi.）；改变：1)Lendmeahandtoshiftthepiano,willyou?(请帮个忙搬一下这台钢琴。)2)Theyhaveshiftedawayfromthisarea.(他们已从这一地区迁走了。)3)Thecandidateisconstantlyshiftinghisopinionabouttheproblem.(这位竞选者在这个问题上不断改变他的观点。)exchange交换；exchange...for...用.......换......；alter(部分)修改。102.Packthecakeinastrongbox,oritmightget_____inthepost.A.splashedB.spiltC.crushedD.crashed[答案]C.crushed.[注释]crush压坏，压碎；弄皱；辗散；1)Don’tcrushthisbox;thereareflowersinside.(不要把这个盒子压坏了，里面有鲜花。)2)Herdresswascrushed.(她的衣服弄皱了。)3)Themachinecrusheswheatgraintomakefloor.(这台机器把麦粒辗成面粉。)splash溅，泼；split(中间)裂开；crash(向下)猛跌；（飞机）失事。103.Thethief_____thepapersallovertheroomwhilehewassearching.A.abandonedB.vanishedC.scatteredD.deserted[答案]C.scattered.[注释]scatter(=throworputinvariousdirections,orhereandthere)撒。abandon放弃，抛弃。desert遗弃（而离开）。vanish消亡，灭亡。本题句意是将小偷在搜寻钱时的情景，所以应选scattered(撒)。104.Today,houseworkhasbeenmademucheasierbyelectrical_____.A.facilitiesB.appliancesC.instrumentsD.equipment[答案]B.appliances.[注释]electricappliances电器用具，facilities公用设备。equipment设备,装备，是集合名词，指“设备”的总称，只有当数形式。instrument仪器。105.The_____ofthetreesinthewaterwasveryclear.A.mirrorB.sightC.reflectionD.shadow[答案]C.reflection.[注释]reflection此处意为“映在水中的倒影”，而不是“影子”或“阴影”，故不能用shadow。其他选择均不合题意。106.One_____neededwhenmakingacakeisflour;anotherissugar.A.containerB.ingredientC.contentD.equivalent[答案]B.ingredient.[注释]ingredient(混合物的)成分。container容器，含量；内容（复数）。equivalent:相等物。107.Theyhavebeenwaitingformanyhourstoseethesinger,buttheairplanemusthavebeen_____.A.behindthetimesB.behindscheduleC.aheadoftimeD.innotime[答案]B.behindschedule.[注释]behindschedule(=late,behindtime)晚点：Thetrainisrunningbehindscheduletoday.(=Thetrainisnotontimetoday.)behindthetimes(=usingthingsnotinstyle;stillfollowingoldways;oldfashioned)过时，跟不上时代，落后：1)Thestoreisbehindthetimes.(=Thestoreisold-fashioned;itlooksasstoreslooked40yearsago.)2)Marythinksherparentsarebehindthetimesbecausetheystilldothefox-trotanddon’tknowanynewdances.(=Mary’sparentsareold-fashionedintheirdancings.)aheadoftime提前：Theyhavefulfilledtheirproductionplansaheadoftime,innotime(=soon,quickly)立即，马上：I’llbebackinnotimetoseeyouhome.108.Neitherofthemthoughthighlyofhimandtheybothtriedto_____himinhiswork.A.hamperB.supportC.assistD.encourage[答案]A.hamper.[注释]hamper(=hinder,preventfreemovementoractivity)阻碍：Lackofequipmentishamperingourwork.本题译文：他们两人都认为他不怎么样并极力阻碍他工作。Thinkhighlyof...对...评价很高，认为......很好。109.Herdisplayofbadtempercompletely_____theparty.A.harmedB.damagedC.spoiltD.hurt[答案]C.spoilt.[注释]spoil指出意指“使......扫兴，搞糟”，如：Quarrellingspoiltthepicnic.(争吵使这次野餐弄得很扫兴。)hurt伤害，damage损坏，harm危害，均不合题意。110.Weforgavehisbadtemperbecauseweknewthathisson’sillnesshadputhimundergreat_____.A.emotionB.excitementC.crisisD.stress[答案]D.stress.[注释]putsb.under(great)stress使某人处境（非常）紧张，使某人受（很大）压力。111.Thereferenceshemadetoherfriend,thepoet,wasinterestingbuttoo_____foranyonetoappreciate.A.drasticB.dullC.obscureD.distinct[答案]C.obscure.[注释]obscure(=notclearlyseenorunderstood)模糊难懂得。drastic激烈的，严厉的；dull单调的；distinct清楚的，明显的；截然不同的（from）。本题译文：她提到她的朋友----诗人时所说的话是令人感兴趣，但没有说清楚，以致没有人为此感激。112.He_____hisengagementjustbeforethewedding.A.brokeoutB.brokeawayfromC.brokeoffD.brokeup[答案]C.brokeoff.[注释]breakoff(=ceasesuddenly,discontinue)突然中断；breakoffone’sengagement(解除婚约)。Breakoff(=interrupt)one’sconversation(打断谈话)。Breakout(=beginsuddenly)爆发。Breakawayfrom摆脱，从......退出。113.Whensheheardfromthehospitalthatherfatherhaddied,she_____intotears.A.burstB.wentC.explodedD.fell[答案]A.burst[注释]burstintotears放声大哭；又如：burstintothunderouscheers(发出雷呜般的欢呼)；burstintolaughing(捧腹大笑)。114.Yourhelpis_____forthesuccessoftheproject.A.indispensableB.indicativeC.inevitableD.inherent[答案]A.indispensable.[注释]indispensable(to,for)不可缺少的，必需的。Indicative(of)指示的。Inevitable不可避免的。Inherent固有的，内在的，天生的。115._____theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor[答案]B.Butfor[注释]butfor(=without,exceptfor)若非，要不是：Butforyourhelpwecouldnothavefinisheditintime.(要不是你的帮助，我们本来不会及时完工。)116.Itwasdifficulttoguesswhather_____tothenewswouldbe.A.impressionB.commentC.reactionD.opinion[答案]C.reaction.[注释]reaction(to)对......的反应：Ourreactiontoajokeistolaugh.117.Ourattitudetowardourteachersshouldbe_____,butnotslavishorsuperstitious.A.respectableB.respectedC.respectiveD.respectful[答案]D.respectful.[注释]respectable(=deservingrespect)值得尊敬的,品行端正的。respectful(=showingrespectto)有礼貌的，表示尊敬的。Respective各个的。respected尊敬的。Respectingprep.(=relatingto;concernedwith)关于，说到。118.Wecouldseethathewastryingto_____hisownresponsibilityforthedelay,insteadofacceptinghisfault.A.runoverB.smoothoverC.passoffD.turndown[答案]B.smoothover.[注释]smoothover(=makesmooth,putright,balliate)使平息，使恢复正常的，掩饰：1)Iwilltrytosmooththeirquarrelover.(我将设法平息他们的争吵。)2)Don’ttrytosmoothoveryourfault.（不要设法掩饰你的过错。）runover详见Ⅲ.145,146.注释；passoff详见Ⅲ.126.注释；turndown详见Ⅲ.180,181