BBC纪录片-中国故事第一集学习笔记整理

BBC纪录片中国故事第一集祖先笔记整理与……保持平衡keepsthinbalancewith天坛theAltarofHeaven进行祭天仪式performrituals黄帝theYellowEmperor1900年，中国陷入了大灾难，国内叛乱，洪水还有饥荒In1900,Chinawasplungedintocatastrophewithrebellion,floodandfamine.踏上回乡的旅程setoffonthejourneyhome冬至thewintersolstice清明节theQingmingFestival自古以来，中国人在这天祭祖先。When,sinceancienttimes,theChinesehavehonoredtheancestors.勇往直前地走入未来beonaheadlongrushintothefuture由于自由的召唤forasnewfreedomsbeckon人们自发地要去追溯那些在他们的历史中至关重要的一些东西thepeoplethemselvesarereachingbacktothethingsthathavematteredmosttothemintheirhistory对于中国人来说，身份起源于家庭fortheChinesepeople,identitybeginswiththefamily.Enticing有吸引力的祭祖日thedayoftheancestors扫墓日Tomb-SweepingDay他们来自于全国各地，每个人向祖先祷告告诉他们家族目前是什么情况，告诉祖先们他们的价值观仍然存在我们之中。TheyhavecomefromalloverChinaandfurtherafieldtomaketheirownreporttotheancestorstotellthemhowthefamilyisdoingandhowtheancestorsandtheirvaluesstillliveoninus.Astheancientsusedtosay,repayingourroots正如古人们说，落叶归根家风familyvalues经历种种变化experiencedizzyingchangesMirror反映现在那段历史的意义已经潮水般涌回andnowthemeaningofthathistoryisfloodingbackThiswholegreatfestivalistotwoancientgodsinChinesemythology，Fuxi,themalegod,andNvwa,thefemalegod.整场节日是用来纪念中国神话中远古的两位神，男的是伏羲，女的是女娲。Andshe’sfamousbecauseshecreatedhumanityoutofyellowmudoftheYellowRiver.Andthemudthatwasleftovershemadedogsandchickens,accordingtothemyth.女娲闻名于她用黄河的泥创造了人类。根据神话传说，她用剩下的泥创造了狗和鸡。流传下来handdown汉人HanChineseAllfourofthegreatoldworldcivilizationsbeganonrivers-theNile,theEuphrates,theIndusandtheYellowRiver.世界上的四大发明均起源于河流，尼罗河、幼发拉底河和恒河，当然还有黄河。只有中国一直延续到了今天。Chinaalonehascomedownuntiltoday.Harnessthewatersoftheriverforirrigationthatenableancientpeopletofeedbiggerandbiggerpopulations治理河流用于灌溉，让古代人能够养活越来越多的人口SothebeginningsofChinesehistory,thecontroloftheriveranditsenvironment,layattheveryheartofpoliticalpower自中国历史起源开始，对河流和环境的治理是每个政权的核心问题。AndthetaleofthekingwhotamedthemightyYellowRiverandclaimedtherighttorulethehundredsoftribes大禹治水然后统治了黄河沿岸几百个部族的故事。大禹KingYu追溯到青铜器时代gobacktotheBronzeAge传说大禹在4000年前建立了中国第一个朝代。thelegendsaysthatKingYuwasthefounderofChina’sfirstdynasty4000yearsago直到今天仍有一些传统存在traditionssurviveduntilmoderntimes古巴比伦ancientIraq石器时代StoneAge皇帝中国的第一个帝王Huangdi,theYellowEmperor,theoriginalEmperorofChina青铜铸件bronzecasting绿松石turquoise中国最早的文字thefirstChinesewriting世界考古界worldarchaeology中药对中药的信仰和实践可以追溯到史前时代atraditionalpharmacywherebeliefsandpracticesgoingbackintoprehistory翰林院theImperialAcademy开药方deliveraseriesofingredients龙骨dragonbonesYougroundupandboiledanddranktoalleviatethefever你需要碾碎它，熬煮后喝下去缓解发烧追溯到tracebackto...甲骨oraclebonesEpoch-making划时代的意义占卜divination占卜者是在向祖先寻求支持thedivinersareaskingforthefavoroftheancestralspirits象形文字hieroglyphs楔形文字thecuneiformTheBronzeAgelayershereare30feetdeepinYellowRiversilt青铜器时代的遗迹在黄河淤泥下30英尺深的地方敬拜祖先的地方theplacewheretheancestorswereworshiped礼制ritual铸造青铜器来盛放食物和酒水供奉他们的祖先castbeautifulbronzestoholdfoodandwaterofferingstotheancestralspirits进行活人祭祀practicehumansacrifice吉兆omensofauspiciousness凶兆omensofdisaster北京天文馆theBeijingPlanetarium周文王KingWenoftheZhou五星连珠每516发生一次thisfive-planetconjunctionhappensonceevery516years百家争鸣100schoolsbloomed君子之德风，小人之德草，草上之风必偃soit’ssaidthatwhenthewindblowsthegrassnaturallybends有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？Tohaveguestscomefromfarawayisapleasure,isitnot？孝顺filialpiety在税收和商业方面，统一了度量衡。统一货币。Fortaxandcommerce,theweightsandmeasureswerestandardized.Therewastobeauniformcoinage.兵马俑theTerracottaArmyThebeginningsofChinaasaunitarystate,astheworld’sfirstbureaucratic,centralizedempire,beginwithQinShiHuangdi.中国作为一个统一的国家，世界上第一个官僚政治体系下的中央集权，都开始于秦始皇。ButtheFirstEmperor’sruleoverChinawasbrief,just11years,hisson’sevenbriefer.但是秦始皇在中国的统治非常短暂，只有11年，他的儿子甚至更短。