16定语从句-讲解练习_课件

TheAttributiveClause修饰名词的词1.agoodgirl2.数次—名词—形容词+名词aneight-meter—talltree3.动词不定式放在名词后alotofhomeworktodo/aroomtolivein4.Doyouknowtheman（whocametoseeXiaowangthismorning?）定语从句修饰名词,相当于形容词，一般紧跟在修饰词的后面，先译定语从句。什么是定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。其作用是修饰主句中的某一名词或代词，修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。Doyouknowtheman（whocametoseeXiaowangthismorning?）名词定语从句先行词=e.g.Thereissomebodyhere(whowantstospeaktoyou.)这里有人要和你说话。代词先行词=关系词(关系代词、关系副词）Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?Idon’tlikethebookthat/whichyougaveme.1.关系代词（代人、who,whom,whose，that代物、which/that）2.关系副词（when,where,why）•先译定语从句•That/which区分（必须用which的三种情况）•作主语/作宾语（主语不能省、宾语可以省去）•先行词与定语从句中的动词的关系定语从句放在先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词放在它们中间。关系词有3个作用：1引导定语从句2代替先行词3在从句中担当一个成分关系代词：who,whom,whose，thatwhich/that关系副词：when,where,why1.Heisamanwho/that/whomweshouldalllearnfrom.他是一个我们都应当学习的人2、Idon’tlikethebookthat/whichyougaveme.定语从句的翻译。1.先行词是人，用who\that，whom（1）who和that在定语从句中做主语且不省，（2）在从句作宾语用who\that\whom有时可省（3）但介词前置，则必须用whom且不省.e.g.1Thepeople(who\that\whom)youweretalkingtowereJapanese.(who\that\whom在从句中作宾语）2。Sheisthegirlwho/thatsellsflowers？(who/that在从句中作主语）3。ThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin.=Thegirlwho\that/whomIspoketoismycousin.2。whose引导的定语从句•whose在从句中作定语。用来指人或物•1、Thegirlwhosemotherisadoctoriswaitingforyououtside.•妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。•2Iknowthegirl___hairislong.我认识有长头发的女孩。3.先行词是物用which\that.1.Thepenthat\whichyougavemeisverynice.2.Ilikemusicthat/whichhasgreatwords.Exercise1:用关系代词填空1.Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.2.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.3.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.4.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that5.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise2.1.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______theycouldn’tremember.2.Sayall________youknow.3.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all等词时，关系代词只能用that.Matchthetwosentences1.I’mreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._______________________________________2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._______________________________________3.Idon’tliketheman.Heissmoking.____________________________________4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._______________________________________I’mreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.Idon’tlikethemanwhoissmoking.Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek?1.Theperson_________youshouldwritetoisMrBall.2.Theteacherfrom________IlearntmostwasMrsZhu.3.Therunner____________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.4.Thegirl____________youarelookingforisintheclassroom.5.Themeeting_________weshalltakepartinwillbeheldinahotel.6.Thefactory__________Iworkedinforovertwoyearshasbeenclosed.7.Theairport________is30kilometresawayistheonlyoneinthecity8.Theperson________wontheracewasawomanfromSichuan.whowhomwho/whomwho/whomthatwhichthatwho只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a）在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。b）在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用whichc）先行词有theonly,thesame,thevery,all,any,no,much等修饰时，只用that。d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用thate）先行词既有人，又有物时。f）当主句以who、which开头时，用that避免重复。All_____glittersisnotgold.Irealizethatthereisverylittle____Icanofferhim.Theonlything____mattersistofindourwayhome.Thisistheverygoodfilm____Ihaveseen.Lookatthemanandhisdonkey____arecorssingthebridge.Whoisthestudentyouoftensay.thatthatthatthatthatthat不用that的情况a）引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：（错）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.改正：that改为which.b）介词后不能用。例如：Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.我们依赖土地获得食物。Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词和关系词常用逗号隔开，且不能用that引导。e.g.1、Shehadeightchildren,threeofwhomlivedtogrowup.2、Smoking,whichisabadhabit,isverypopular.•关系副词的基本用法•when,where,why•关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，（表示动作发生的时间、地点或理由），在从句中作状语。•关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于介词+which结构，因此常常和介词+which结构交替使用，例如：•Iwillneverforgetthedayswhen(duringwhich)IlivedinBeijing.•(我永远无法忘记我住在北京的那些日子)•Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.（北京是我的出生地。）Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslateforschool?(这就是他上学迟到的理由吗？)•介词+关系词（或介词前置）的用法•1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。•2）that前不能有介词。(即介词前置时不能用that)3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when和where、why互换。•Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)Ilivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhich(when)youjoinedourclub?Goodbye!