药学英语-标准试卷2

试卷（A）共（6）页第（1）页一、填空（每题1分，共20分）。1乙烷2甲醇3溴4汞5精氨酸6赖氨酸7酮8乙酸乙酯9氢氧化钠10碳酸钾11Benzene12Heptane13Hydrogen14Oxygen15Threonine16Cysteine17Phenol18Ether19Calciumcarbonate20Toluene答案：1Ethane2Methanol3Bromine4Mercury5Arginine6Lysine7Acetone8Ethylacetate9Sodiumhydroxide10Potassiumcarbonate11苯12庚烷13氢14氧15苏氨酸16半胱氨酸17酚18醚19CaCO320甲苯二、写出下列缩写英文全名并翻译（每题2分，共10分）。1FDA:2ICH：3GMP:4HPLC:5DMSO:答案：1FoodandDrugAdministration（美国）联邦食品及药物管理局试卷（A）共（6）页第（2）页2InternationalConferenceonHarmonizationofTechnicalRequirementsforRegistrationofPharmaceuticalsforHumanUse人用药品注册技术要求国际协调会3GoodManufacturingPractice药品生产和质量管理规范4HighPerformance(Pressure)LiquidChromatography高效液相色谱5dimethylsulfoxide二甲基亚砜三、选择填空（每题2分，共14分）。1Cisprobablythemostwidespreadqualitysystemfollowedacrossthepharmaceuticalindustryasawhole.AGAPBGCPCGMPDGLP2DrugdesignaimstoimprovetheAoftheleadcompoundandtoremovetheundesirableeffects.AdesirableeffectsBtoxiceffectsCadversereactionDfirst-passeffect3Dhaveaminogroup.AAldehydesBCarboxylicCAlcoholsDAmines4BybeingCofthesepharmacologicprinciples,andbyremainingvigilanttocountlessinteractionbetweendrugandailingbody,onecansubstantiallyreducethesideeffectsofnumerousdrugs.AcognizantBvigilantCviewDcatabolize5Generally,Aismorewatersolublethanthefreeacidorfreebase.AtheionizablesaltofthedrugBtheesterofthedrugCthecouplingofthedrugDthefreedrug6Inidentifyingaplantconstituent,onceithasbeenisolatedandpurified,itisnecessaryfirstto___________andthento___________.试卷（A）共（6）页第（3）页AdeterminetheclassofcompoundBfindoutwhichparticularsubstanceitiswithinthatclass7TherehavebeenseveralexampleswherethenaturalagonistforareceptorwasusedastheleadcompoundinordertodesignareceptorA.AtargetBstructureCbioactivationDantagonist答案1C2A3D4C5A67A四、判断，并用×√表示（每题2分，共16分）。1（）Analysischemistryisconcernedwiththechemicalcharacterizationofmatterandtheanswertotwoimportantquestions:whatisitandwhereisit.2（）Thedisciplineofanalyticalchemistryconsistsofselectiveanalysisandspecificanalysis.3（）thelevelofbiologicalactivitymaynotbeparticularhigh,butthatdosematter.4（）numberofatoms,arehydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,andcarbon,whichtogethermakeupover98%ofthemassofmostcells.5（）Invivo,thetemperatureismaintainedataconstant37℃,theagitationofstirringrateisheldtoaspecifiedconstant.6（）Biochemicaltestsmayalsobeinvaluable:presenceofaglycosidecanbeconfirmedbyhydrolysiswithβ-glucosidase,ofamustardoilglycosidebyhydrolysiswithmyrosinaseandsoon.7（）Troches,tabletswhichareintendedtobechewed,anddrugproductsintendedforsustainedreleaseorprolongedorrepeataction.8（）modificationandimprovementofexistingactivemoleculesisatypeofsearchfornewleadcompound.答案：1×2×3×4×5√6√7√8√试卷（A）共（6）页第（4）页五、英译汉（每题5分，共20分）。1Biochemistryaimtoexplainbiologicalformandfunctioninchemicalterms.答案：生物化学的目标是在化学方面解释生物的形态和功能。2Bybeingcognizantofthesepharmacologicprinciples,andbyremainingvigilanttocountlessinteractionbetweendrugandailingbody,onecansubstantiallyreducethesideeffectsofnumerousdrugs.答案：只要充分认识并运用这些药理学原理，并对药物和人体之间无数相互作用保持高度警惕，我们就能大大减少许多药物的副作用。3Analyticalchemistryprovidesthemethodsandtoolsneededforinsightintoourmaterialworld…foransweringfourbasicquestionsaboutamaterialsample:①What②Where③Howmuch④Whatarrangement,structureorform?答案：分析化学为我们洞察物质世界提供了方法和工具来解答关于物质样本的4个基本问题：1.是什么2.来源3.含量有多少4.结构、形式、组成。4Therearethreephasesintheanalysis:thefast-screeningphase,theidentificationphaseandpossiblequantification.答案：分析的过程分三个阶段进行：快速筛选阶段，确定阶段，可能的量化阶段。六、问答题（每题5分，共20）。1Inordertodesignadrugproductthatdelivertheactivedruginthemostbioavailableform,whatthepharmacistmustconsider?答案：Inordertodesignadrugproductthatdelivertheactivedruginthemostbioavailableform,thepharmacistmustconsider(1)thetypeofdrugproduct(e.g.solution,suspension,suppository);(2)thenatureoftheexcipientsinthedrug试卷（A）共（6）页第（5）页products;(3)thephysicochemicalpropertiesofthedrugmolecule.2Inidentifyingaplantconstituent,onceithasbeenisolatedandpurified,whatisnecessary？答案：Firsttodeterminetheclassofcompoundandthentofindoutwhichparticularsubstanceitiswithinthatclass.3Whichfourtypesofsuccessfulstrategiescanleadtonewleadcompounds?答案：Aretrospectiveanalysisofthewaysleadingtodiscoveryofnewdragssuggeststhattherearefourtypesofsuccessfulstrategiesleadingtonewleadcompounds.Thefirststrategyconsistsofsystematicscreeningofsetsofcompoundsarbitrarilychosenfortheirdiversity,byselectedbiologicalassays.Thesecondstrategyisbasedonthemodificationandimprovementofexistingactivemolecules.Thethirdapproachresidesintheretroactiveexploitationofvariouspiecesofbiologicalinformationthatsometimesresultsfromnewdiscoveriesmadeinbiologyandmedicineandsometimesisjustthefruitofmoreorlessserendipitousobservations.Finally,thefourthroutetonewactivecompoundsisarationaldesignbasedontheknowledgeofthemolecularcauseofthepathologicaldysfunction.4Invitrodissolutiontesting,whatkindsoffactorsmustbeconsidered?答案：Foronething,thesizeandshapeofthedissolutionvesselmayaffecttherateandextentofdissolution.Asecondconsiderationistheamountofagitationandthenatureofthestirrer.Thetemperatureofthedissolutionmediummustalsobecontrolledandvariationsintemperaturemustbeavoided.Mostdissolutiontestsareperf