TCP-IP协议基础(经典教程)

TCP/IPTCP/IP1.TCP/IP2.(RFC894)3.ARP4.IP5.IP6.UDP7.TCP7.1.7.2.7.3.1.TCP/IP36TCP/IP1.TCP/IPTCP/IPApplicationTransportNetworkLink[TCPIP]36.1.TCP/IPTCP/IP[TCPIP]36.2.TCP/IPsocketAPIheaderEncapsulation[TCPIP]36.3.TCP/IPsegmentdatagramframe[TCPIP]36.4.HubIPInternetInternetIPInternetIPInternetIPpoint-to-point“”end-to-end“”TCPUDPTCPTCPTCPUDPUDP[TCPIP]36.5.Multiplexing“”payloadIPARPRARPIPIPIP“”TCPUDPICMPIGMPTCPUDPTCPUDPTCPUDP“”IPIPIPARPRARPARPRARPIPICMPIGMPTCPUDPIPICMPIGMPIPTCPUDPRARPICMPIGMP36TCP/IP2.(RFC894)2.(RFC894)36TCP/IP2.(RFC894)[TCPIP]36.6.MAC48ifconfig“HWaddr00:15:F2:14:9E:3F”IPARPRARPCRC461500ARPRARP461500MTUMTUMTUfragmentationifconfig“MTU:1500”MTU1.TCP/IP3.ARP3.ARP36TCP/IP3.ARPIPARPARP“IP192.168.0.1”FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FFARPIPARPARParp-a2020ARPARP[TCPIP]36.7.ARPMACMACARP10x0800IPIP64op1ARPop2ARP16140000:ffffffffffff00055d6158a80806ARP280000:00010010:08000604000100055d6158a8c0a800370020:000000000000c0a80002180020:007731d250100030:fd7841d30000000000000000MAC00:05:5d:61:58:a80x0806ARPARP0x00010x0800IPMAC6IP4op0x0001MACMAC00:05:5d:61:58:a8IPc0a80037192.168.0.55MAC0IPc0a80002192.168.0.246ARP28180000:00055d6158a800055da1b8400806ARP0000:00010010:08000604000200055da1b840c0a800020020:00055d6158a8c0a800370020:007731d250100030:fd7841d30000000000000000MAC00:05:5d:61:58:a8MAC00:05:5d:a1:b8:400x0806ARPARP0x00010x0800IPMAC6IP4op0x0002MAC00:05:5d:a1:b8:40IPc0a80002192.168.0.2MAC00:05:5d:61:58:a8IPc0a80037192.168.0.55ARP2.(RFC894)4.IP4.IP36TCP/IP4.IPIPIPv4[TCPIP]36.8.IPIP4IPv4444454x5=20IP415608TOS3IP40IPIPpayloadIP161313TTLTimetolive)6410hopTCPUDPICMPIGMPIPIPv4IP32464646IPARPRARP3.ARP5.IP5.IP36TCP/IP5.IPIPv4IP4dotteddecimalrepresentation0xc0a80002192.168.0.2Internet32IPIP[TCPIP]36.9.IPA0.0.0.0127.255.255.255B128.0.0.0191.255.255.255C192.0.0.0223.255.255.255D224.0.0.0239.255.255.255E240.0.0.0247.255.255.255AB65536C256DEInternetBBAflathierarchicalInternetCCIDRClasslessInterdomainRoutingsubnetmaskIPIPABCClasslesssummarizeInternet8C248ISPInternetserviceproviderInternet218InternetInternetISPISP36.1.1IP140.252.20.688CFC1444255.255.255.0FFFFFF00140.252.20.08CFC1400140.252.20.0~140.252.20.25536.2.2IP140.252.20.688CFC1444255.255.255.240FFFFFFF0140.252.20.648CFC1440140.252.20.64~140.252.20.79IP01IP140.252.20.68/24IP140.252.20.68241255.255.255.0IPInternetIPRFC1918IPInternet10.*816,777,216172.16.*172.31.*121,048,576192.168.*1665,536IPInternetIPNATInternetIPIP127.*IP(loopback)127.0.0.1loopbackIP[TCPIP]36.10.loopbackIP255.255.255.2550192.168.10.0255.255.255.01192.168.10.255192.168.10.0255.255.255.0$ifconfigeth0Linkencap:EthernetHWaddr00:0C:29:C2:8D:7Einetaddr:192.168.10.223Bcast:192.168.10.255Mask:255.255.255.0UPBROADCASTRUNNINGMULTICASTMTU:1500Metric:1RXpackets:0errors:0dropped:0overruns:0frame:0TXpackets:10errors:0dropped:0overruns:0carrier:0collisions:0txqueuelen:100RXbytes:0(0.0b)TXbytes:420(420.0b)Interrupt:10Baseaddress:0x10a0eth1Linkencap:EthernetHWaddr00:0C:29:C2:8D:88inetaddr:192.168.56.136Bcast:192.168.56.255Mask:255.255.255.0UPBROADCASTRUNNINGMULTICASTMTU:1500Metric:1RXpackets:603errors:0dropped:0overruns:0frame:0TXpackets:110errors:0dropped:0overruns:0carrier:0collisions:0txqueuelen:100RXbytes:55551(54.2Kb)TXbytes:7601(7.4Kb)Interrupt:9Baseaddress:0x10c0loLinkencap:LocalLoopbackinetaddr:127.0.0.1Mask:255.0.0.0UPLOOPBACKRUNNINGMTU:16436Metric:1RXpackets:37errors:0dropped:0overruns:0frame:0TXpackets:37errors:0dropped:0overruns:0carrier:0collisions:0txqueuelen:0RXbytes:3020(2.9Kb)TXbytes:3020(2.9Kb)$routeKernelIProutingtableDestinationGatewayGenmaskFlagsMetricRefUseIface192.168.10.0*255.255.255.0U000eth0192.168.56.0*255.255.255.0U000eth1127.0.0.0*255.0.0.0U000lodefault192.168.10.10.0.0.0UG000eth0192.168.10.0/24192.168.56.0/24DestinationGenmaskGatewayIfaceFlagsUGG*192.168.56.3192.168.56.0192.168.56.0eth1192.168.56.0/24eth1202.10.1.2eth0192.168.10.14.IP6.UDP6.UDP36TCP/IP6.UDPUDP[TCPIP]36.11.UDPUDPTFTP0000:00055d67d0b100055d6158a80800IP0000:45000010:005393250000801125ecc0a80037c0a80020:0001UDP002005d40045003fac40TFTP0020:0001'c'':''\''q'0030:'w''e''r''q''.''q''w''e'00'n''e''t''a''s''c''i'0040:'i'00'b''l''k''s''i''z''e'00'5''1''2'00't''i'0050:'m''e''o''u''t'00'1''0'00't''s''i''z''e'00'0'0060:00MAC00:05:5d:61:58:a8MAC00:05:5d:67:d0:b10x0800IPIP0x45444IPv45IP016IPIPpayload0x0053831497IP0x93250x0000DF=0MF=0TTL0x801280x11UDPIP0x25ecIPc0a80037192.168.0.55IPc0a80001192.168.0.1UDP0x05d414920x004569TFTPwell-knownUDP0x003f63UDPUDPpayloadUDPUDPpayload0xac40TFTP00001c:\qwerq.qwenetasciiblksize512timeout10tsize0TFTPIPTFTPIPTFTPIPTFTPHTTPTCP80FTPTCP21TFTPUDP69IPftptftpmanpage/etc/serviceswell-knownIANAInternetAssignedNumbersAuthorityTCPUDPIANATCPUDPTCPUDPwell-knownwell-knownephemeralUDPUDPIPUDPUDPUDPUDPUDPUDPUDPUDPTFTPtrivialftpTCPFTPTCP5.IP7.TCP7.TCP36TCP/IP7.TCP7.1.TCP[TCPIP]36.12.TCPUDPIP32324IPTCP4TCP4x15=60TCP20URGACKPSHRSTSYNFINSYNACKFINRST16TCP7.2.TCP36.13.TCP1-102SYN,8000(0),ACK1001,mss1024SYN13280000ACK1321001mss10241.1SYN10001SYNFINSYN1001mssIP2.2SYNACK1001“10001001”10243.38001'''three-way-handshake'''TCPRST8080telnetSYNRSTtelnetRSTCo