医学人文英语教程答案

Unit1.HistoryofmedicineKeysTextALanguageFocusFillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary,andpayattentiontothetense,voiceandcollocationsoftheverbs.1.iscreditedwith;2.aresometimesreferredtoas;3.wassupposedto;4.wereespousedby;5.inadditionto;6.wasattributedto;7.categorize;8.isgivencreditfor;9.though.SentenceSimulation（略）TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.Hippocratesproposedthehumoraltheorythatthebodyofmanhasfourdistinctbodilyfluidsinitself:blood,phlegm,yellowbileandblackbile,differentmixtureofwhichleadstodifferenttemperaments.2.InancientGreece,careerasadoctorwaspassedonfromfathertoson,soHippocratesstudiedmedicineunderhisfatherfromhisearlyage.3.AncientGreekmedicinewasafieldrestrictedbyreligioussuperstitionwherewizardscureddiseasesbymeansofprayer,magicorritualrecitationofspells.4.ItnowappearsthatHippocrateswasincorrectinhisexplanationofthecausesofhumantemperament,buthistemperamentcategoriesandnameshavebeeninuseeversince.5.AncientWesterndoctorsabouttoentermedicalpracticewererequiredtotakeanoathonmedicalethics,whichwasderivedfromtheoathofHippocrates,anancientGreekphysicianreveredasfatherofmedicine”intheWest.6.AsthefatherofWesternmedicine,Hippocratesisthefirsttoformulatethecodeofethicsthatdoctorsarerequiredtocomplywith.Furthermore,hismedicalopinionsandmedicalpracticehaveexertedahugeinfluenceonthedevelopmentofWesternmedicineforcenturies.TextBAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotextByouhaveread.1.Fourtraditionalexaminationmethods:looking,listeningandsmelling,asking,andtouching.2.①TCMcanmakediagnosesandtreatpatientswithoutneedingascientificunderstandingofcauseandpathogenesis.②thefundamentalsofTCMremainlargelyunchangedanditstheoriesinexplicabletoscience.3.①themethodologicalqualityoftrialsislow.②MostofthesetrialsarepublishedinChinese,inaccessibletowesterndoctors,andnotincludedinsystematicreviews.③Selectivepublicationofpositivetrialsisanotherproblem.4.AllnaturalphenomenacouldbecategorisedintoYinandYang(twoopposite,complementary,interdependent,andexchangeableaspectsofnature),everythingintheuniverseconsistedoffivebasicelements(wood,fire,earth,metal,andwater),andtheuniversewasconstantlychangingtowardsdynamicbalanceorharmony.YinreferslargelytothematerialaspectsoftheorganismandYangtofunctions.ThereisacirculationofQi(energy)andblood.TheorgansworktogetherbyregulatingandpreservingQiandbloodthroughtheso-calledchannelsandcollaterals.DiseaseoccursafteradisturbanceinYin-YangorflowofQiorblood,ordisharmonyintheorganscausedbypathogenic(eg,sadness,joy,lifestyle)andclimaticfactors(dampness,heat,cold).Treatmentaimstoexpelorsuppressthecauseandrestorebalance.Unit2HealthprofessionalsforanewcenturyTextALanguageFocusFillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.integration2.keptpacewith3.adopts4.Inviewof5.effectiveness6.ultimate7.acquiring8.attributes9.shifts10.encounterTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.7.Medicalscienceisnolongersimplybiomedicine,butacomprehensivedisciplineofhumanities,socialsciencesandbiomedicine.8.Scienceandtechnologydevelopment,alongwithsocialprogress,hasputforwardhigherdemandsandgreaterchallengesonhighermedicaleducation.9.Medicaleducationischaracterizedbyahighdegreeofspecializationandpracticality,aswellasacomparativelyhighcostandalongtrainingcycle.10.Itisthemaintaskofmedicalschoolstotraingooddoctorsneededbythepeople.11.Theobjectiveofclinicalmedicaleducationistotraincapableandwellqualifiedacademicdoctorswithasolidprofessionalfoundationandabroadspectrumofknowledge.12.Theinnovationofteachingmethodshasnotonlyimprovedthestudents'initiativeandenthusiasmtolearn,butalsoenhancedthequalityofclinicalteachingandpractice.13.Inspiteofitsgreatprogress,ourcountry’smedicaleducationstillfailstokeeppacewithsocialprogress,developmentofscienceandtechnology,andneedsformedicalandhealthreform.Translatethefollowingpassage/sentenceintoChinese.1.过去一个世纪教育的进步在于三个时代的教育改革。第一个时代始于20世纪初，注重教授科学课程。大约于20世纪中期，第二个时代的改革开启了问题导向式的教学革新。现在，我们需要进行体系导向式的第三个时代的教育改革，通过调整核心专业技能使其适应特定环境，同时借鉴国际化知识，从而提升医疗体系的性能。2.迁移学习是一种重要成果，其包含了三个基本的转变：从对事实的记忆转变为对信息的搜索、分析和综合从而作出决策；从追求专业文凭转变为实现核心竞争力从而达到医疗体系里有效的团队协作；还有，从对教育模式不带批判的照搬应用转变为对整体资源的创造性改造以应对局部的重点问题。3.医护人员在过去一个世纪以来对人类健康和发展做出了巨大贡献，然而，自满只会让人们继续徒劳地采用20世纪的教育策略，而无法应对21世纪的挑战。TextBAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotextByouhaveread.1.Becauseitiscrucialtotackletheobstaclesofthe21stcentury.2.Theoutcome-basedcorecurriculumhasservedasaframeworkinmanycountries,andcanbeadjustedforspecificlocalneedsaspostulatedbythecommissioners.3.Studentsparticipateinaninternationalforumwhichbringstogetherstudentsofmedicine,nursing,pharmacy,andalliedhealthprofessions(namely,theWorldHealthcareStudentsSymposium).ThebenefitsoftheannualWorldHealthcareStudentsSymposiaareforstudentstolearntounderstandthedifferentprofessionsanddiscussthebestwaysofeffectiveandfruitfulcollaboration.4.Theauthorsthinktheproposedfocusontheimplementationofinnovativeandpromisinginformationandcommunicationtechnologiesmeritsattentionandbelieveinitspotentialbenefitsfortheeducationofmedicalstudents.Accordingtotheauthors,studentsfrom