直接引语和间接引语

英语：直接引语和间接引语一、区别：直接引语指直接引用别人说的话，有引号。间接引语指用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。二、要点：直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。三、引导词的选择及语序1.陈述句：S+V+that+陈述语序(S+V)“Thatisthetrouble”,saidBill.改为：Billsaid___________________________thetrouble.注意：that可省略，但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列，则第二个that不可省略。Hetoldme(that)hehadfinishedhisworkandthathewouldliketohaveaholiday.2.一般疑问句：S+V+if/whether+陈述语序(S+V)Heasked,“Areyouleavingtonight?”改为：Heaskedus___________________________leavingthatnight.3.特殊疑问句：S+V+what/who/which/whose/when+陈述语序(S+V)“Whydidyoulockthedoor?”fathersaidtoAnne.改为：FatheraskedAnne____________________________________thedoor.四、时态的一致1．主句是过去时，变间接引语时，从句时态向“过去”退一步：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时不变一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时直接引语间接引语Iworkhard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.Iamworkinghard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.Iwasworkinghard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.Iworkedhard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.Ihadworkedhard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.Iamgoingtoworkhard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.2．直接引语是客观真理时，变成间接引语时时态不变：Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”改为：Theteacher____________________________________noiseinthelibrary.3.直接引语中有明确表示过去时间状语的，变成间接引语时时态不变：WeiFangsaid,“Iwasbornin1994.”改为：WeiFangsaid___________________________bornin1994.4.直接引语前面的主句谓语是现在时态，变间接引语时，时态不变：Hesays,“Ihavebeenmarriedfor3years.”改为：Hesaidthat____________________________________for3years.五、人称及状语的变化1．人称变化：“一主二宾三不变”（直接引语中若出现第一人称则看主句主语，第二人称看主句宾语，第三人称无须变）试观察：Shesaidtohim,“Iamveryhungry.”改为：Shetoldhimthatshewasveryhungry.Shesaidtohim,“Youareverynice.”改为：Shetoldhimthathewasverynice.Shesaidtohim,“Lilyisverynice.”改为：ShetoldhimthatLilywasverynice.2.状语与限定词变化：“这这那那，来来去去”直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosenowthentodaythatdaytomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdayyesterdaythedaybefore/thepreviousdaynextyear/week/monththenextyear/week/monthlastyear/night/weektheyear/night/weekbeforeagobeforeheretherecomego“Iputthekeyonthistableyesterday.”---“Heputthekeyonthattablethedaybefore.”六、综合练习（一）改写句子（把直接引语改为间接引语）1.“Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.改为：Hesaidthat__________________havingsupper.2.“I’veseenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.改为：Gina_________methat___________________________thefilm.3.“Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.改为：Shesaidthat___________________________homewithhersister.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”改为：Theteachersaidthatthesun_________biggerthanthemoon.5.“Imetheryesterday,”hesaidtome.改为：Hetoldmethathe__________________her___________________________.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.改为：HesaidthatI_________togo_________beforefive.7．“Wereyoubornin1979?”hesaid.改为：He_________me_________I_________bornin1979.8．Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”改为：He_________Jimthathe___________________________.9.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”改为：Heaskedhismother____________________________________it.10.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.改为：Heaskedme___________________________been_________days.11.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.改为：Heasked__________________knewwhereshe_________.12.“Keepquite,children.”hesaid.改为：He_________thechildren__________________quite.13.“Don’tlookoutofthewindow,”shesaid.改为：She_________me___________________________outofthewindow.14.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaid.改为：He__________________Iwasinterestedin_________.（二）句子翻译：1.汤姆说他2009年加入了这家驾驶俱乐部。2.他告诉我他把书落在房间里了。3.凯特问我当天晚上是否陪她看电影。4.我的小学英语老师常说熟能生巧。5.妈妈问我是怎么修好我的单车的。6.老师让学生们别浪费自己的时间。7.她说她在等车的时候就读完那本书了。8.警察问那个人前天晚上他在公园里都干了些什么。9.他说他求职时已经告诉他们他的故事了。10.将军命令所有士兵马上上前线。参考答案：三、1.thatthatwas2.whether/ifwewere3.whyshehadlocked四、2.thattheearthgoes3.thatshewas4.hehasbeenmarried综合练习:（一）1.hewas2.toldshehadseen3.shehadgone4.is5.hadmet;thedaybefore6.had;there;7.asked;if/whether;was8.told;couldsitthere9.howshehadfound10.whereIhad;those11.if/whetherI;lived12.told;tokeep13.told;nottolook14.askedif/whether;that（二）1.Tomsaidthathejoinedthedrivingclubin2009.2.Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.3.Kateaskedmeif/whetherIwouldgotothecinemawithherthatevening.4.MyEnglishteacherintheprimaryschooloftensaidthatpracticemakesperfect.5.MymotheraskedmehowIhadrepairedmybike.6.Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.7.Shesaidshehadfinishedreadingthebookwhileshewaswaitingforthebus.8.Thepolicemanaskedthemanwhathehaddoneintheparkthenightbefore.9.Hesaidthathehadtoldthemallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.10.Thegeneralorderedallhissoldierstogotothefrontlineatonce.