化制度下的均衡_基于结构与功能关系的WTO动态分析模型

:1001-2397(2009)04-0012-08:2008-12-26:(1968-),,,,?WTO(,361005):WTO,,WTO(DSM)WTO,;,,,WTODSM,DSM;,WTO,,WTO:;;:DF96:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2397.2009.04.02,,(contractualreading)[1],,,;,,,,,,[2],,,,,,(InternationalConstitutionalism)[1]10-11,(Federalism)2120097314ModernLawScienceJuly,2009Vol132No.4,(constitutionaltreaties),,(constitutionalprinciples).[M].:,1998:69.,,SeeErnst-UlrichPetersmann,TheChangeStructureofInternationalEconomiclaw,manuscriptpresentedbyPetersmannatthelecturesatXiamenAcademyofInternationalLaw.at9,10.[3],,,,,,,(WTO),,WTO,,?,ArminVonBangdady,[4],,WTOWTO,(GATT)WTO,,WTO,,,WTO,WTO:WTO?,(regulatorymodel),,,(racetothebottom),,WTO,,,WTO,,(antidiscriminationmodel),WTO,WTO,,WTOWTO,,WTOWTO,HermannMosler,WilhelmWengler,ChristianTomuschat[4]613ArminVonBangdadyErnst-UlrichPetersmann,Petersmann:(treatyconstitutions),,,;WTO,,,WTO31:?WTO,(covertprotectionism)Bangdady(coordinatedinterdependencemodel)Petersmann(MultilevelConstitutionalism),(EC):Ernst-UlrichPetersmann,TheChangeStructureofInternationalEconomiclaw,manuscriptpresentedbyPetersmannatthelecturesatXiamenAcademyofInternationalLaw.at14.,,WTO,[1]10J1H1JacksonJohnO1McGinnisMarkL1Movsesian,20002,WTO[3]WTO,WTO,,(lobbying)WTO,WTO,WTO,,WTO,Petersmann,,,,[1]7,,,WTO(),WTO,,WTO,,,WTO,,,(commonvaluesandcommongood),,,WTO?,,,,,,,,WTO,WTO,,,,,,WTO:,WTO,,;,,,,,,WTO,WTO,WTO(),WTO,WTO,41ChristianTomuschat,SeeArminVonBangdandy,ConstitutionalisminInternationalLaw:CommentonaProposalfromGermany,Harv.IntlL.J.vol47,at224.21,WTO,,,,WTO,WTO,;,WTO,WTO,,:,,,,,,,,,,,WTO,,,,,WTO,;,,:,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,WTO,,;,WTO,,,,,,,,,51:?WTO,WTO(negotiatedtreatytext,,),SeeJ.H.Jackson,TheGreat1994SovereigntyDebate:UnitedStatesAcceptanceandImplementationoftheUruguayRoundResults,ColumbiaJournalofTranslationalLaw.Vol36,1997,,,,,,,:.[J].,2002,(2):26.,[5],,,,WTO,,,,,,,WTO,,,,,,,WTO,,,,,,WTO,,WTO,,WTO,,,[6],,WTO,,,,,,,,,,,,WTOWTO,,,,,,,,,,,[4]623,WTO,,,WTO,,WTO;,,,WTO,WTO(),10,:61301,WTO,SeeJ.H.Jackson,TheGreat1994SovereigntyDebate:UnitedStatesAcceptanceandImplementationoftheUruguayRoundResults,Colum.J.TransnalL.36(1997).14223872,,,,,:..[M].:,1999:8.personalitypersona,(mask),(personality),,108109,2/3,WTO,[4]623DSM(DSM)WTO,[7],,,,(),,,,,DSMDSM,:,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,WTO,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,(DSB),DSB,DSM[8]DSBDSM,,DSM,;,,71:?WTOWTO,,WTO,SeeStatementofDirector-GeneralRuggiero,:.WTO[M].:,2005:41.,,,:.[M].:,2004:23.19U.S.C.3512(a)(I)(1994).DSMWTO,DSM,:,DSB,,DSB,,,,DSM,,,,,,,DSM,:GATT/WTO(DSM),,,,[9]DSM,DSM,,WTO,:,,,,WTO[1]1415,;WTO,WTO,,,,[9]26,,WTO,,,,,WTO,,,,,WTO,WTO,,WTO,,,,,;,,,?,,?WTO,ML81323292:[1]Ernst-UlrichPetersmann,TheChangeStructureofInternationalEconomiclaw,manuscriptpresentedbyPetersmannatthelecturesatXiamenAcademyofInternationalLaw(),September,2006.at1.[2]N,.[A]1.[C].:,2006:457.[3]JohnO.McGinnisandMarkL.Movsesian,TheWorldTradeConstitution,HarvardLawReview,Vol.114,2000.[4]ArminVonBangdandy,LawandPoliticsintheWTO-StrategytoCopywithaDeficientRelationship,MaxPlankUNYB5(2001),at612.[5].[G]//81:,2004:58.[6].WTO[J].,2002,(1):8.[7].WTO[M]1:,2005:42.[8]J.H.Jackson,TheWTODisputeSettlementUnderstandingMisunderstandingsontheNatureofLegalObligation,AmericanJournalofInternationalLaw,Vol91.1997.[9].[J].,2002,(2):26.ConstitutionalBalanceorBalancewithinaMultilateralRegime:ADynamicAnalysisoftheWTOBasedontheRelationshipofItsStructureandFunctionZHONGFu2he(LawSchoolofXiamenUniversity,Xiamen361005,China)Abstract:TheconstitutionalismcherishedbythewesternscholarsadvocatesatheoreticalanalogyofthestructureoftheWTOgovernancetothatofanationalcountry,holdingthattheregimeshouldbereconstructedasaconstitutionalone.However,thisarticlemaintainsthatthesuccessoftheconstitutionalismapproachdependsonhowtoperceivetheessentialmeaningofthelegislativemechanismaswellastheDSMoftheWTO.ThecorefunctionoftheWTOlegislativeregimeistocoordinateandinpracticetheregimeprovestobeofmultilateralcharacter.Further,thestatusoftheDSMissubordinatetothelegislativemechanismandinthepositivesensethegovernancestructureoftheWTOfailstojustifythejudicialnatureoftheDSMwhichcannotconstituteajudicialbranchasisrequiredintheconstitutionaltheory.Assuch,whilesomefunctionsoftheWTObearthecolorofthatadomesticconstitution,ingeneralthegovernancestructureoftheWTOisfarfromaself2relianceconstitutionalregime,whichindicatesthattheconstitutionalpositionscanhardlybedefended.BasedonthelegalsourcesoftheWTO,thisarticleproposestouseadynamicmodelwithmultilateralequilibriumnaturestoanalyzetheexterior,intermediateandinteriorstructuresofthelegislativemechanismoftheWTO.KeyWords:theWTO;governancestructure;constitutionalfunction:91:?WTO