中国文化概况英文

Chapter1AnOverview1国歌Nationalanthem2《义勇军进行曲》MarchoftheVolunteers3歌词lyrics4临时的Provisional5全国人名代表大会TheNationalPeople’sCongress(NPC)6血肉Fleshandblood7一致通过一项决议Unanimouslyadoptaresolution8政治中心Politicalcenter9经济、科学和文化中心Economic,scientificandculturalheart10著名古都Famousancientcapitalcity11经历了巨大的变化Gothroughgreatdevelopmentandchanges12历史名胜Placeofhistoricinterest13风景胜地Placeofscenicbeauty14天坛TempleofHeaven15祭祀Performsacrifices16庄严仪式Solemnrite17颐和园SummerPalace18古代园林Ancientgardens19十三陵MingTombs20陵墓Mausoleum21明代皇帝MingDynastyemperors22八达岭长城BadalingsectionoftheGreatWall23曾母暗沙，南沙群岛ZengumReef,NanshaIslands24交汇处Confluence25帕米尔高原ThePamirs26青藏高原TheQinghai-TibetPlateau27世界屋脊Theroofoftheworld28珠穆朗玛峰，喜马拉雅MountQomolangma,theHimalayas29黄土高原TheLoessPlateau30云贵高原TheYunnan-GuizhouPlateau31塔里木盆地TheTarimBasin32大兴安岭TheGreaterHinggan33雪峰山脉Xuefengmountainranges34东北平原TheNortheastPlain35华北平原TheNorthChinaplain36长江中下游平原TheMiddle-LowerYangtzePlain37大陆架Continentalshelf38外流/内流水系Exterior/interiorsystems39长江TheYangtzeRiver40自治区Autonomousregion41直辖市Municipality42水运主干道Mainarteryofwatertransportation43干线Artery:anyofthetubescarryingbloodfromthehearttoallpartsofthebody;importantroutefortraffic44黄河TheYellowRiver45含沙量最多的河Themostheavilysilt-ladenriver46地上河Raised-bedriver47重要产量基地Importantproductionbaseforgrains48淡水湖，咸水湖Freshwaterlake,saltwaterriver49洞庭湖，太湖DongtingLake,TaihuLake50京杭大运河，海河，钱塘江TheGreatCanal,theHaiheRiver,theQiantangjiangRiver51水利设备Waterconservancy52北温带TheNorthTemperateZone53大陆季风气候Continentalmonsoonclimate54西伯利亚Siberia55热带，亚热带Tropicalzone,subtropicalzone56暖温带，温带，寒温带Warm-temperatezone,temperatezone,cold-temperatezone57年平均降水量Averageannualprecipitation58东南沿海地区Southeasterncoastalareas59历史概况Outlinehistory60最早的原始人Thefirstprimitiveman61古代近/现代Ancientperiod,modernperiod62传说人物Legendaryfigure63黄帝EmperorHuang64炎黄子孙ThedescendantofYanandHuang65奴隶制Institutionofslavery66贤君Sageking67春秋战国（时期）TheSpringandAutumnandtheWarringStatesPeriods68《春秋》SpringandAutumnAnnals69诸侯Duke70公候伯子男Duke,marquis,earl/count,viscount,baron;baronet71封建王朝Feudalmonarchy72始皇帝FirstEmperor73农历（阳历）Lunarcalendar(solarcalendar)(lunatic)74农历闰年Lunarleapyear75节气Seasonaldivisionpoint76天干地支TheHeavenlyStemsandEarthlyBranches77辛亥革命TheRevolutionof191178甲午战争TheSino-JapaneseWarof1894-189579戊戌变法TheReformMovementof189880三国时期TheThreeKingdomsPeriod81三国鼎立Inatripartitebalance(tripartitediscussion)82黄袍加身Clothesb.Intheyellow(imperial)gown83登基Ascendthethrone84盛世Gloriousperiod85成吉思汗GenghisKhan86鸦片战争TheOpiumWar87半封建、半殖民地国家Countryofsemi-feudalandsemi-colonialstatus88中山大学SunYat-senUniversity89中华民国TheRepublicofChina90开国大总统Thefirstpresident91五四运动TheMay4thMovement92抗日战争Theanti-JapaneseWar93解放战争TheLiberationWar94新疆维吾尔自治区UygurAutonomousRegionofxinjiang95特别行政区Specialadministrativeregion(SAR)96一国两制Onecountry,twosystems97国家统计局TheNationalBureauofstatistics98民族分布Distributionoftheethnic99汉文化Hanculture100国家人口普查Nationalcensus101宪法Constitution102民主党派；执政党Democraticparty；partyinpower（rulingparty）103在野党Partyoutofpower104改革开放Reformandopening-up105中国政府官网网站TheChineseGovernment’sOfficialWebPortal106基本国策Fundamentalstatepolicies107计划经济（体制）Plannedeconomysystem108非公部门Non-publicsector109充分发挥其优越性Bringitsbenefitsintofullplay(givefullplayto…)110少数民族Minorityethnicgroups111牧区Pastoralarea112国家基本大法Thefundamentallawofthestate113多党合作与政治协商Multi-partycooperationandpoliticalconsultation114统一战线Unitedfront115宏观调控Macrocontrol116国内生产总值Grossdomesticproduct（GDP）117调整经济体制Restructureeconomysystem118社会主义市场经济Socialistmarketeconomy119中国改革开放的总设计师ThechiefarchitectofChina’sreformandopening-up120同胞FellowcountrymenChapter2PhilosophyandRelligions儒教Confucianism道教Taoism佛教Buddhism四大发明FourGreatInventions非竞技体育运动Non-competitivesports竞技体育运动Competitivesports思想流派Schoolsofthought基本形成Takedefiniteshapes得以蓬勃发展Enjoythrivingdevelopment百家争鸣Ahundredschoolsofthoughtcontend中国古代哲学AncientChinesePhilosophy中古古典文学ClassicalChineseliterature先秦子学Thephilosophyinpre-Qintimes儒家学说Confucianism墨家，法家Mohism，legalism孔子，孟子Confucius,Mencius核心思想Coreofthought言行Wordsanddeeds行为准则Codeofbehavior仁、义、忠、恕Benevolence,justice/righteousness,allegiance,forbearance中庸之道Thedoctrineofthegoldenmean伦理关系Ethicalrelations孔子的（儒家的）Confucian道Dao/Tao(Thewayasthenoumenonofthecosmos)天道TheHeavenlyWay人道TheHumanWay老子LaoZi/Lao-Tse《道德经》DaoDejing/TaoTeChing无为而治Achievinggoodgovernmentthroughnon-action兼爱Universallove尚贤Honorvirtuouspeople非命Opposefatalism非攻Opposeaggressivewars节用（厉行节俭）Upholdthriftiness节葬Upholdsimplefunerals韩非子HanFeiZi官僚制度Bureaucracy两汉经学TheOrthodoxphilosophyduringtheHanDynasty汉武帝EmperorWudi“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”BanallschoolsofthoughtexceptConfucianism官学Orthodoxschool正统哲学Orthodoxphilosophy玄学Metaphysics《易经》ThebookofChanges“四书”TheFourBooks“五经”TheFiveClassics有无Existencevsnonexistence本末Essentialvsnonessential佛学Buddhismphilosophy主客观Thesubjectiveandtheobjective理学Neo-Confucianism理学学派TheschoolofPrinciple心学学派TheschoolofMind实学Applicationphilosophy自省Self-examination天命Disposition涅槃Nirvana知与行Knowledgeandpractice道德Morality道德哲学moralphilosophy孝顺Filialpiety和谐Harmony禅宗ChanBuddhism顿悟Epiphany佛经BuddhismscriptureCharacteristicsofChineseEthicsandMorality三从四德Thethreeobedie