英国文学史及作品选读教案-Lecture-7(09级)

Lecture7TheRomanticPeriod(I)ⅠTeachingContentPre-romanticism;RomanticismⅡTimeAllotment2periodsⅢTeachingObjectivesandRequirements1Helpthestudentsknowthetwopre-romanticpoets,WilliamBlakeandRobertBurns.2Helpthestudentshaveagoodunderstandingofromanticismandthegreatromanticpoet,WilliamWordsworth.ⅣKeyPointsandDifficultPointsinTeaching1WilliamBlake2WilliamWordsworthⅤTeachingMethodsandMeansLecture;Discussion;Multi-mediaⅥTeachingProcess1Pre-romanticism1.1DefinitionofPre-romanticism●Pre-romanticismreferstotheperiodinEuropeanliteraturethatoccurredbetweentheAugustanage(theageofPope)andtheeraofRomanticism,coveringtheyearsfromapproximatelythemiddleoftheeighteenthcenturytotheearly1790s.Inthisperiodrigidnotionsaboutstyleandtheabsoluteauthorityofreligionandsciencebegantoyieldtoanemphasisonpersonalthoughtsandfeelings,oftentriggeredbyobservationofnature.Thesearchformeaningledwithin,totheprobingofthemindandafocusontheinnerself,andtoanindividual,personalinterpretationoftheworld.●Pre-romanticismismarkedbyastrongprotestagainstthebondageofClassicism,byrecognitionoftheclaimsofpassionandemotion,andbyarenewedinterestinmedievalliterature.1.2CharacteristicsofPre-romanticism●AccordingtothescholarBertrandH.Bronson,thesubjectmatterofpre-romanticismgenerallyincludes:CountryPleasures,TimesoftheDay,SeasonsoftheYear;Abstractions—Fancy,Solitude,Sleep,Death—invitingdescription,evokingfeeling,temptingthemoralcomment.Hepointsouttheuseoftheinvocatoryformoftheverband“thetendencytoapostrophizeandimplore”ascharacteristicofPre-romanticism.●ThePre-romanticsalsohighlystressedtheideaoforiginalityinwriting.Manypoetsofthisperiodfeltrestrictedbytheprecedentsestablishedbyclassicworksofthepastandtheprevalentattitudethatthegreatestliteraturehadalreadybeenwritten.Theydepartfromtheorderlyframeworkofneoclassicismanditsauthorizedgenres.Themostimportantconstituents(components)ofpre-romanticismaretheSturmundDrang(StormandStress)phaseofGermanliterature;theprimitivismofJean‐JacquesRousseauandofOssianism;thecult(admiration)ofsensibilityinthesentimentalnovel;thetasteforthesublimeandthepicturesqueinlandscape;thesensationalismoftheearlyGothicnovels;themelancholyofEnglishgraveyardpoetry;andtherevivalofinterestinoldballadsandromances.Thesehavehelpedtogiveanewimportancetosubjectiveandspontaneousindividualfeeling.1.3RepresentativesofPre-romanticism1.3.1WilliamBlake(1757-1827)1.3.1.1Introduction●WilliamBlackisthemostindependentandoriginalofallromanticpoetsofthe18thcentury.●Heisapoet,anartist(engraver)andaself-educatedsonofanIrishhosierinLondon.Hislifewaseventful,andhismysticalturnofthoughtalienatedapossibleaudience.Hewaslittleknowninhistime.Itwasnotuntilthemiddleofthe19thcenturythatBlakewasdiscovered.Nowadays,hehasbeenincreasinglyacknowledgedasapoetequaltothebestoftheromantics.●HestudiedattheRoyalAcademyofArtattheageoftenandapprenticedtoawell-knownengraver,JamesBasireat14.Hewasapoetattwelve,whilestillyoung,hefoundhimselfathomeamongtheElizabethans.1.3.1.2Hisworks1)PoeticalSketches2)SongsofInnocence(1789)3)SongsofExperience(1794)4)Tiriel(1788-9):anearlyexampleofBlake’spropheticbooks,inwhichheevolvedanewtypeofallegorywithcharactersnamedbyhisowninventionandrepresentingpsychologicalorspiritualforces.5)Hispropheticbooksinclude:TheFrenchrevolution(1791)America(1793)TheVisionsoftheDaughtersofAlbion(1793)TheBookofUrizen(1794)TheBookofAhania(1795)TheBookofLos(1795)Europe(1794)TheSongofLos(1795)TheMarriageofHeavenandHell(1790)●PoeticalSketches:1783,hisfirstcollectionofpoems,inwhichhetriedtheShakespeareanandMiltonicblankverse,theSpenserianstanza,theballadformandlyricmeters.Helamentswithjusticethefeeble,artificialandmeagerachievementinpoetryofhistime.●TheMarriageofHeavenandHell:1790,apropheticsatireinprose,importantforitsexpressionofBlake’sspiritofrevoltagainstoppression.Onecentralideainitishisdenialoftherealityofmatter,theeternalpunishmentandthedenialofauthorityofinjustice.●SongsofInnocence:1789,collectionsofshortlyrics.Blakedeclaresinitheiswriting“happysongs/Everychildmayjoytohear”.Usingalanguagewhichevenlittlebabiescanlearnbyheart,Blakesucceedsindepictingthehappyconditionofachildbeforeitknowsanythingaboutthepainsofexistence.Thepoetexpresseshisdelightinthesun,thehills,thestreams,theinsectsandtheflowers,intheinnocenceofthechildandofthelamb.However,evenhere,inthepoem,theLittleBlackboyandtheChimneysweeper,wefindracialdiscriminationandsuffering.●SongsofExperience:1794,acollectionofshortlyrics,amuchmaturework,withentirelydifferentthemesfromSongsofInnocenceforthepoetinitdrewpicturesofneedinessanddistressandshowedthesufferingsofthemiserable.Thepoetwasconsciousof“someblandhand”crushingthelifeofman,asmancrushesthefly.Itmarksaprogressinthepoet’soutlookonlife.Intheearliercollection,thereseemtobenoshadows.Tothepoet’seyes,thefirstglimpseoftheworldwasapictureoflight,harmony,peaceandlove.Butinthelateryears,experiencehadbroughtafullersenseofthepowerofevil,andofthegreatmiseryandpainofthepeople’slife.Thesymbolchangesfromthelambtothetiger.1.3.3.3HisPositioninEnglishLiterature●Asymbolistandsometimescalledamy