红绿灯自动识别小车的设计与实现

红绿灯自动识别小车的设计与实现(软件)ThetrafficlightautomaticrecognitionofcardesignandImplementation（software）目录摘要..............................................................I关键词..............................................................IAbstract............................................................IKeywords..........................................................II1前言..............................................................12设计方案选择与论证................................................42.1设计要求....................................................42.2总体设计方案选择............................................42.2.1智能小车模型设计方案...................................42.2.2电机方案的选择.........................................52.2.3控制单元方案...........................................62.2.4小车循迹模块方案.......................................72.2.5红绿灯信号识别方案.....................................82.2.6短距离通信方案.........................................83系统设计功能分析..................................................93.1.2L298N驱动逻辑功能分析.................................93.1.3L298N内部功能及引脚分布..............................103.2一体化红外接收探头HS0038功能分析..........................113.2.1HS0038介绍...........................................113.2.2HS0038内部电路及参数分析.............................123.2.3HS0038接收信号原理...................................133.3红外对管ST188功能分析.....................................143.3.1ST188介绍............................................143.3.2ST188光电特性与检测分析..............................143.3.3ST188红外循迹原理分析................................163.4单片机控制红绿灯功能分析....................................173.4.1红绿灯路口设计规划....................................173.4.2红绿灯功能实现简要分析................................183.5基带信号红外发射调制功能分析...............................193.5.1红外发光二极管发射原理分析............................193.5.2波特率分析............................................204系统总体硬件设计及单元电路实现...................................214.1小车模块系统组成及框图.....................................214.2红绿灯系统控制模块组成及系统框图...........................214.3各个单元电路硬件设计实现...................................224.3.1小车控制各部分电路实现................................224.3.2红绿灯系统各部分电路实现..............................255软件设计分析与实现...............................................275.1软件设计思想...............................................275.2红绿灯系统软件实现与分析...................................285.2.1定时器中断系统........................................295.2.2红绿灯显示与数码管动态显示............................295.2.3数据发送模块..........................................315.3小车模块软件实现与分析.....................................355.3.1小车软件框架分析......................................355.3.2数据接收处理模块......................................365.3.2电机控制模块.........................................395.4小车整体工作过程............................错误!未定义书签。6软件调试试验.....................................................417总结.............................................................44参考文献...........................................................46致谢..............................................................47附录A：整体系统硬件电路图.........................................48附录B：源程序代码.................................................49I红绿灯自动识别小车的设计与实现摘要现今是一个走过了工业时代、信息时代跨入知识经济的时代，这个时代对信息高速化，控制智能化的要求越来越高。而智能化同样已经延伸到生活中，如：智能冰箱，智能热水器，智能空调等等，其发展速度之快，从身边的这些例子很容易体会到。其发展前景可谓是相当可观。因为他实现了无人管理，为人类生活带来了方便。本设计以智能小车为核心模块，实现对红绿灯的自动识别，从而模拟生活当中的红绿灯交通系统，实现对过往车辆的流通控制。采用AT89S51单片机作为小车控制的核心芯片。小车采用的是直流电机来进行驱动，于此同时，为方便小车行走，还采用了红外对管模块来实现寻迹的功能，从而控制小车行走的路线。之所以小车能识别红绿灯，这主要是依靠了单片机之间的通信，即红绿灯系统，它同样也是使用了一块AT89S51单片机作为中枢控制，产生3组红绿灯信号，分别对应前进，左转，右转信号，同时利用单片机串口通信，与小车之间进行通信，这个过程是利用红外发射模块将数据码发射出去，对应的小车上接收头讲接收到的信息返还到单片机中进行判决，控制。本设计使用性很强，对于模拟控制研究有很大的帮助，相信未来必能很好的为我们的社会服务。关键词智能小车;红绿灯;自动识别;循迹;红外通信ThetrafficlightautomaticrecognitionofcardesignandImplementationAbstractTodayisawalkoftheindustrialage,informationageintotheknowledgeIIeconomyera,thiseraofincreasinglyhighrequirementsoftheinformationsuperhighway,intelligentcontrol.Intelligentthesamehasbeenextendedtothelife,suchas:smartrefrigerators,smartwaterheater,intelligentair-conditioning,etc.,isgrowingfasterthanfromthesideoftheseexamplesitiseasytounderstand.Prospectsforitsdevelopmentcanbedescribedasconsiderable.Becauseherealizedthelackofmanagement,inordertobringtheconvenienceofhumanlife.Smartcar,thedesignforthecoremodules,automaticidentificationoftrafficlights,trafficlightstosimulatelifetransportsystem,controltheflowofpassingvehicles.AT89S51micro-controllerasthecorechipofcarcontrol.ThecarisaDCmotortobedrivenMeanwhile,fortheconvenienceofcarwalking,infraredtubemoduletracing,inordertocontroltheroutesoftrolleytravel.Thereasonwhythecarcanrecognizetrafficlights,mainlyrelyonthecommunicationbetweenthemicro-controllerandthetrafficlightsystem,itisalsousedaAT89S51micro-controllerasthecentralcontrol,resultinginasetoftrafficlightssignal,correspondingtoforward,turnleftandrightturnsignal,whiletheuseofsingle-chipserialcommunication,andtocommunicatebetweenthecar,whichismainlyinfraredtransmittermodulelaunched,thedatacodecorrespondingtothesmallcartoreceivethefirsttotalkabouttheinformationreceivedjudgments,controlreturnedto