英美文学导论

IntroductiontoEnglishandAmericaliterature—Literatureisakindofartswhichcanreflectsocialreality皖西学院生物与制药工程学院专业班级：制药工程1001姓名：王杰学号：2010012340SurveyofBritishliteratureItissaidthatTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthIrelandwasconqueredbyRomans,Anglo-SaxonsandNormanssuccessively,asaresult,theyarehybridindeed.In450,sinceAnglo-Saxonsinvadedtheirterritory，Britishhistorybegan,withthehelpofcivilizationSaxonsbrought,Britishliteraturenaturallyfollowed.Notonly,itchangedmanypeople’smindindifferentrankatthattime,butalsohavingdeepinfluenceonmoderngenerationincludingme.Here,wedividethedevelopmentofEnglishliteratureintosevenperiods.Phase1:TheoldperiodThisperiodstartedin450sandendedin1066s,whileprimitivepeoplehadahardtimeinwagingstrugglesagainsthostileforcesfromnaturalworld,theylivedhappilyandfreewithoutoppression.Theonlygenreinthisperiodwaspoetry,completedwithreligionpoetryandsecularpoetry.TheformerincludedGenesisA,GenesisB,Exodus,Thedreamofroadetc.Thelatter,asisknowntoall,BeowulfwasthemostfamousonewhichdescribeaherocalledBeowulfdefendthemselvesagainstnaturaldisasterasaleader.Inaddition,Thewandererman,andThesea-farerarealsothetypicalofthesecularpoetry.Phase2:TheMedievalperiodOwingtotherulesbyRomancatholicfrom1066stomid-14thcentury,peoplewereconvincedofasceticismthatgodwasomnipotent,nobodycouldchangehisfate,inotherwords,ourfatewasinchargedwithgodfromstarttofinish.Becauseofthis,peopleatthistimebecameunhappy.Certainly,literatureinthisperiodsufferedfromabarrentime,however,therewasatemporaryflouringtimeintheend.Therefore,nofamousmasterpieceleft.Phase3:TheRenaissanceperiodObviously,renaissancemeansrebirthorrevival,thatistosay,aftermanyyearsrebelling,peopleobtainedthefreedomagaineventually,4.aswellastheliterature.Thisperiodhumanismtooktheplaceofasceticismasthecentralbeliefintheirmind,youcandoanythingyouwantaslongaslegal,youaretheonlymangraspingyoufate.Themainstreamofliteraturewasdrama.Typicalcharacter:1.EdmundSpenserMasterpiece-ShepherdessCalendarHecomposedtheEpithalamiononhiswedding2.WilliamShakespeareⅠ.Apprenticeship-thistimehisworkmajoredinhistoriesandcomedies,Ⅱ.Styleandapproachbecomehighlyindividual,howeveroptimismstillprevailsinmostoftheworks.Masterpiece—Midsummerwishesdream,Twelfthnight,RomeoandJuliet.Ⅲ.Thisperiodincludeshisgreatesttragedies,themajorityofhisworksfocusondarkcomedies,optimismdisappearedgraduallyandpessimismoccurred.Masterpiece—Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth.HismostpopularsentenceinHamletis“Tobeornottobe”thatreflectsthecomplicatedmindofaprincewhethertakinghisrevengeonhisuncleorgivingup.Ⅳ.PrincipalromantictragicomediesMasterpiece—ThemerchantVenice3.FrancisBacon—Apoliticianbutanexcellentwriter.4.JohnMiltonHismasterpiece—Paradiselost.Phase4:TheNeoclassicalperiodAfamoussayinggoesthat:everycoinhastwosides,foronethingrenaissanceperiodmakespeoplefeelfree,butforanotherthingpeopleinthisperiodwerelackofrulesandreasons,theywereoverjoyfulandoverpassionate,theyneedrestrictions.Consequently,Theneoclassicalperiodcomingduring1628—1688Typicalcharacter:1.JohnBunyan—AChristianHismasterpiece—Thepilgrim′sProgressThereisacontroversybetweenthiswritingandChinesefamouswritingPilgrimagetotheWest,astheyhaveacommonstoryline2.AlexanderPopeHemadehisnamebyAnEssayoncriticism.3.DanielDefoeMasterpiece—TruebornEnglishman,RobinsonCrusoe.4.JonathanSwiftMasterpiece—Gulliver′sTravels“Agoodstyle”byhim:properwordsinproperplacesmakestruedefinitionofagoodstyle.5.HenryFieldingHeisthefatherofEnglishnovelandTomJonesishismostfamouswriting.6.SamuelJohnson—WritetheEnglishdictionary7.RichardBrinkleyHismasterpiece—TheschoolforscandalPhase5:TheRomanticperiodJustasChinesehistory,thestyleofEnglishliteratureshouldbechangedforatime,peoplefeelboredagainwithoutpassionandtheRomanticperiodbeganfrom1798to1832.Thisperiodwritersweredisappointedwithsociety,sincetheywerecheatedbythecapitalruler.Typicalcharacter:1.WilliamWorth2.SamuelTaylorColeridge3.GeorgeGordonByronHismasterpiece:DonJuan4.PercyByssiShelleyMasterpiece—Odetothewestwind5.JaneAustenHermasterpiece—Prideandprejudice,saysthatfirstimpressionoftencheatyouPhase6:CriticalRealismperiodThisperiodalsocallsVictorianperiodforthesakeofhonoringQueenVictorian,somanyEnglishmanaremissingthistimetillnow,duringthisperiod,Englandistheworkshopoftheword,itscolonyalloftheword.Inviewofthat,ithadaname:“Sun-Never-SetEmpire”Typicalcharacter:1.CharlesDickensHismasterpiece—OliverTwist2.TheBrontesisters●JaneEyrewaswrittenbyCharlotteBronteshowsadistortedorphangainedherownhappinessincunningways●EmilyBronteandherWutheringHeightsshowedatrianglelovecausingthetragedyinHeathcliffˊsrevenge.3.RobertBrowning,themanwhofoundthedramaticmonologueHismasterpiece—MylastDuchess4.GeorgeEliot,thewomanwhoputforwardfeminineliteraryoutlook5.ThomasHardyHismasterpiece—TessoftheDˊrevilesPhase7:20th-BritishLiteratureThisperiodcalledModernismLiteraturetoo,everythinginthisperiodindisorderandagainsttraditionTypicalcharacter:1.GeorgeBernardShaw—abrilliantdramatist2.T.SEliotHismasterpiece—wasteland3.D.H.ClarenceMasterpiece—Sonsandloves4.JamesJoyce—《Ulysses》Toconclude,Brit