英语语法入门 句子结构

---英语的五种基本句型1.帮助我们学好其他英语语法知识。2.帮助我们写出正确的英语句子，形成并提高英语书面表达的能力。3.帮助我们正确使用英语单词，提高单词拼写及选词填空等用词能力。4.有助于我们提高阅读能力和其他英语应用能力。1、主语———系动词———表语2、主语———谓语3、主语———谓语———宾语4、主语———谓语———宾语———宾语5、主语———谓语———宾语———补语■定语和状语是句子中的修饰成份，不列入基本句型中egMr.BrownisanEnglishteacher.︳︳︳主语系动词表语︳1).be动词解释说明主语的性2).感官动词：质或特征等look,sound,feel,taste,smell等3).表”变化”的词：become,get,turn等，还有seem,keep,stay等。1).Hisparentsareinthekitchennow.2).Youlookedhappyyesterday.3).Thissongdoesn’tsoundbeautiful.4).Didyourfathergetangry?主语系动词表语主语系动词表语表语主语系动词主语系动词表语找出下列句子中的表语：①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.ABCD②Whyisheworried?AB③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.ABCD④Theyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.ABCD⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.ABCD2、主语—谓语egYourfatherisstandingthere.主语谓语1）Histeachercameinwithabookinhishand.2)Thebusstartedandarrivedthereateighto’clock.3)Flowerscomeoutinspring.4)Theplanehasalreadyleft.5)Isthebabydogsleeping?3、主语———谓语———宾语egIknowthesepeople.主语谓语宾语①Mybrotherdidn’tdohishomework.主语谓语宾语②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语③Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?宾语主语谓语.④Theydon'tknowwhoFatherChristmasis.⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.⑥Theoldmansaidhewasill.⑦Youwillfinditwhenyougethome.4、主语———谓语———宾语———宾语egShegavemehertelephonenumber.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语或：Shegavehertelephonenumbertome.主语谓语直接宾语间接宾语◆间接宾语放后面时要在其前加”to”或“for”。◆可以跟“to+间接宾语”的动词有：give,show,pass,lend,take,tell等。1）Ishowedhimthephotoyesterday.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语Ishowedthephototohimyesterday.主语谓语直接宾语间接宾语2)Hepassedusthepapers.=Hepassedthepaperstous.◆可以跟“for+间接宾语”的动词有：buy,make,cook,get,sing,read等。1)Myparentsboughtmeanewbag.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语=Myparentsboughtanewbagforme.主语谓语直接宾语间接宾语2）Shecookedusabigmeal.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语=Shecookedabigmealforus.1)ShehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语2)Hisuncleleftsomemoneytohim.主语谓语直接宾语间接宾语3)Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语4)Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语5)I’llmakesomecardsforthem.5、主语—谓语—宾语—宾语补足语egTheycalledtheirdaughterAlice.主语谓语宾语宾补Hefoundhisnewjobboring主语谓语宾语宾补IsawherchattingwithNancy.主语谓语宾语宾补Iwantyoutohelpmewiththehousework.在此句型中有时可以有“it”作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放到最后。此时作宾语的常是动词不定式“todo”,动词的“ing”形式或宾语从句，如：1)Istillfindithardtomakegoodfriendswithher.形式宾语真正宾语2)Wethoughtitnousedoingthat.3)Didn'tImakeitcleartoyouthatIwasnotcoming?①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapers主语谓语宾语宾补andbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.主语谓语宾语宾补③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.主语谓语宾语宾补宾语④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Hefellinlove.4.Whoknowstheanswer?5.Shesmiledherthanks.6.Hehasagreedtohelpthem.7.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.8.Hebroughtadictionaryforyou.9.Theyappointedhimmanager.10.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.11.Theboyintheclassroomsattherequietly.12.Learningnewwordsisveryuseful.