外研社高一英语必修一_Module4：Grammar

Grammar现在完成时(Presentperfecttense)现在完成时(Presentperfecttense)(一)现在完成时的基本用法：1.表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。Ihavefinishedmywork.Wehavesetupmanynewfactories.2.动作发生在过去,强调对现在的结果、影响等。Haveyoueverseenthefilm“HarryPotter”?I’vespent3yearsinthecountryside.3.表示动作发生在过去,并且一直持续到现在,甚至还可能继续下去,句中使用持续性动词,且常有表示一段时间的时间状语。Wehaven’tseeneachotherfortenyears.I’vebeenanEnglishteacherforabout20years.4.现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中,表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。e.g.I’llgohomeassoonasIhavefinishedmyhomework.Pleaselendmethatbookifyouhavefinishedreadingit.(二)使用现在完成时的句型1)现在完成时+since+点时间状语(名词、短语、从句,其中从句用一般过去时)2)现在完成时+for+段时间状语3)It/Thisisthefirst/其他序数词/lasttime+that从句中,从句使用现在完成时。★注意:在下面的句子中,主句的谓语动词常用一般现在时：ItisthreeyearssinceIbegantoworkonthefarm.It’salongtimesinceIsawyoulast.现在完成时表示某一已经完成的动作对现在造成的结果或影响,强调的是现在的情况,所以不能与表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示某一动作或状态在过去发生或存在过,与现在不发生联系,它可以与表示过去的时间状语连用。(三)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:Hehasreadthatbook.(说明他现在知道那本书的内容)Hereadthatbooklastyear.(只说明他去年读过那本书)HehasgonetoAmerica.(他现在不在此地,在美国)HewenttoAmerica.(只说明他去过美国)(四)终止性动词与延续性动词：1.终止性动词:表示短暂的运动状态,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,常用的动词有:come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,reach,get,getup,join,marry,open,close,give,lend,borrow,finish,break,see,hear,notice,find,understand,die等。2.延续性动词:表示长时间的运动状态,能和表示一段时间的状语连用。常用的动词有:live,study,work,teach,stay,read,play,fly,talk,rain,eat,run等1.---Howareyoutoday?---Oh,I____asillasIdotodayforaverylongtime.A.didn’tfeelB.wasn’tfeelingC.don’tfeelD.haven’tfeltExercises:2.---___DavidandVicky___married?---Foraboutthreeyears.A.Howlonghave;beenB.Howlonghave;gotC.Howlongwere;beingD.Howlongdid;get3.Itisthethirdtimeyou__latethisweek.A.hadarrivedB.arrivedC.havearrivedD.arearriving4.---Didyouenjoyyourholiday?---Wonderful.Itisyears_____Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.since5.WhenIwasatcollege,I__threeforeignlanguages,butI___allexceptafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgotten6.---Where____therecorder?Ican’tseeitanywhere.---I_____righthere.Butnowit’sgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.hadyouput;wasputtingC.haveyouput;putD.wereyouputting;haveput7.Theprice____,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.A.wentdownB.willgodownC.wasgoingdownD.hasgonedown8.Theyarediscussingtheproblemthewholeafternoon,butthey___adecisionsofar.A.didn’treachB.won’tarriveatC.haven’tcometoD.allabove9.—IhaveboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.—Whenandwhere____you____it?A.do;buyB.did;buyC.have;boughtD.had;bought10.—Iheardthepeasantshere___verypoorinthepast.—Yes,butthere____greatchangesinthepastfewyears.A.were;wereB.havebeen;havebeenC.havebeen;wereD.were;havebeenmovedCompletetheconversation.Usethepresettenseoftheverbsinbrackets,andfororsincewhereappropriate.Mike:Hi,Kate.Kate:Hi,Mike.Mike:Ihaven’tseenyourbrotheraroundforalongtime._____he______(move)toanewneighborhood?HasKate:No,he____________(move)toanewcountry!He_________(be)inAustralia______lastyear.Mike:Australia!That’sgreatcountry.______youever_____(be)there?hasn’tmovedhasbeensinceHavebeenKate:No,I_____never______(be)there,butI_____________(decide)togolaterthisyear.Mike:Great!_____yourbrother____(send)youanyphotos_____hemovedthere?havehavedecidedHassincebeensentKate:Yes,infact,I_____just________(receive)some.Heretheyare.Thisishisnewhouse.He____recently_______(finish)decoratingit.receivedhasfinishedhave