江苏牛津版英语8B-Unit-5知识点整理

莁8BU5Goodmanners蒀一.知识点归纳：肈1.politelyadv.礼貌地薄eg.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpeoplepolitely.螂polite----impolite膂eg.Itisimpolitetolaughatothers.袇2.littern.垃圾（不可数）近义词rubbish（不可数）袈eg.Don’tdrolitter/rubbisheverywhere.膃Thereisapublicsignsaying“NoLittering”.蚀3.runv.流动；跑；（车辆、机器）开动，运转袀run---ran---run----running羇eg.Don’tleavethetap.薄Theboyawaywhenhesawhisfather.莂Themachineverywell.虿4.pickv.采摘pickflowersinthepark肇①pickout1.挑选出;拣出Letmepickoutsomegoodonesforyou.羅2.辨认出It'seasytopickhimoutinacrowdbecauseheisverytall.螀②pickup1.拾起Theboypickedupthehatfortheoldman.莈2.收拾Youshouldpickupthetoolsafterwork.膇3.学到;获得Hewaspickinguptheskillsquickly.膂4.与...偶然结识(常指与异性调情)薂WepickedupacoupleofgirlsatthepublastFriday.膇5.搭便车芇③pickoff摘掉;取走Youshouldnotpickoffanyoftheflowers.薃④pickat1.吃得很少Theboyisonlypickingathisfood.罿2.找...的岔;挑毛病Whyareyoualwayspickingatme?膀5.turnn.轮流芇①Itisone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事羃②taketurnstodosth.=dosth.inturn=dosthbyturns轮流做某事羅eg.Itisyourturntomakeadecision.节Theytooktodothehousework.蚁=Theydidthehouseworkturn/turns.薈6.properadj.恰当的英文释义：rightorcorrect蒃properlyadv.羁eg.Hecouldnotcomeupwithaanswer.螁Idon’tthinkhe’sdoinghisjob.螅7.shakesb’shands=shakehandswithsb.与某人握手膅shake-shook-shaken螀eg.Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime,youcanshakehis/herhands.袁Peopleusuallyshakehandswitheachotherwhentheymeet.膆8.kissn.亲吻kisses薃v.亲吻kisssb.hello/goodbye吻别螃eg.Dotheygreetpeoplewithakiss?羀9.close.adj.亲密的closefriends薇靠近的becloseto=near芅v.关闭薂closedadj.关着的反义词open羀eg.Hishouseistothefactory.羈Remembertohedoorwhenyouleave.螃Ifoundthedooratthattime.莁10.conversationn（非正式）交谈英文释义：asmalltalk肀conversation一般用词，指两个或更多人互相交换意见的交谈。dialogue指“对话”。talk普通用词，可与conversation换用，指正式交谈。chat指熟人之间非常随便的交谈，强调谈话的亲密和非正式性。荿eg.Howdopeoplestartaconversation?蒅11.avoidv.避免英文释义：trynottodosth莄avoiddoingsth/avoidsth膀eg.Youshouldavoidsuchmistakes.蒆Toavoidhittingthetruck,heranintothewallandhisarmwasbadlyhurt.膇12.subjectn.话题；主题；科目膃eg.Butpleaseavoidsubjectslikeage,weightormoney.芀MyfavouritesubjectisEnglish.袇[辨析]class,lesson,course蚄①class一节课attendclass听课，上课羁inclass在课上莀eg.Wehavefourclassesinthemorning.芇②lesson教材中一课莆eg.Ihelpedherwithherlessons.蚀LessonOneismoreimportant.蒀③course一段时间内学完的完整课程蚈eg.ThistermI’mtakingfivecourses.袄13.publicn.群体inpublic螃adj.公共的，公开的publicsigns薀eg.Themuseumisopentothepubliceveryday.袅Don’tspeakloudlyinpublic.薆Dopeopletherebehavepolitelyinpublic?蒂14.pushv.推，挤英文释义：goinfrontofotherpeoplewhoarewaiting蕿pushpastsb.从某人身边挤过去芆[拓展]①pushon继续前进Thepathwasbarelyvisible,butwepushedon.羄②pushin插队芁cutin（onsb/sth）插嘴虿Don'tcutinonyourmotherwhensheisspeaking.蚇Don'tcutinonotherpeople'sconversation蚆③pushoff出发Theteampushedoffbeforedawn.芄④pushalong=pushahead[forward/on]奋力前进;抓紧进行蝿15.inone’s/theway挡某人路肈eg.Youwillhavetomove–youareinmyway.膄[拓展]①ina/someway在某种程度上肃②bytheway顺便说一句Bytheway,howareyourgrandparents?衿③makeone’sway让路葿④onthewayto……去某地(onthewayhome；onthewaytoschool)袆16.touchv.触摸，感动袂n.触摸膇①keepintouch保持联系螃②intouchwith与…联系薁③outoftouch不了解某事螈eg.Pleasedon’ttouchanythingintheroom.芇Thestoryoftheuglymanreallytouchedme.膄17.excuse.v.原谅excuseme劳驾芃n.借口(可数)袁问路Excuseme,whereistheshop?莆客气地请求允许Excuseme,mayIaskyouaquestion?薅客气地纠正别人的话Excuseme,itisabird.蚁打扰他人Excuseme,I’dlikeyoutomovealittle.蚀eg.Hemadeagoodexcuseforbeinglateforschool.莆18.loudlyadv.大声地羆Britishpeopledon’tliketoshoutorlaughloudly.蒃19.tillconj.到…时，直到…为止=until（位于句首，只能用until）荿prep.到…时蒆肯定句：动作持续到…莇否定句(not…until/till)：直到…才袁eg.ShewatchedTVuntil/tillhermothercameback.她一直在看电视，直到她母亲回来。蒂（看电视的动作延续到母亲回来才结束。）薆Shedidn'twatchTVuntil/tillhermothercameback.直到她母亲回来她才（开始）看电视。蒄（看电视的动作直到她母亲回来才发生。）薃UntilIfinishedmyhomework,Motherdidn'tletmeout.膁20.aswell(as)也；还有蚆eg.Britishpeopleareverypoliteathomeaswell,aren’tthey?袅Mybrotherlikesplayingfootball.芄=Mybrotherlikesplayingfootball.羀=Mybrotherlikesplayingfootball,.螆否定句Mybrotherdoesn’tlikeplayingfootball.莅aswellas也；和…一样好螂eg.Yourwifeaswellasyouisfriendlytome.(就远原则)螈Thebossprovidedlunchbreakfast.袆Heplaystheguitaraswellasyou.（同级比较，和…一样好）螆21.asconj.正如；当…时候；因为蒄eg.Asyouknow,Julieisleavingsoon.螁AsIwascominghere,Imetyourbrother.羆Asitwasraining,Istayedathome.袃[拓展]①as…as像羂②thesame…as和…一样薀③assoonaspossible尽快地羅④asif/though好像芄⑤suchas比如蚄22.byaccident/chance偶然艿hitsb./sthbyaccident荿23.discussionn.讨论discussv.讨论蚅①haveadiscussionwithsb.和某人讨论肂②discusssthwithsb和某人讨论某事莂eg.Shedidn’tjointhe.葿Theyaretheproblemwiththeteachers.肆24.expressv.表达expressionn.表达袄①beyondexpression无法形容莅②expressoneself表明态度螃eg.Hedidn’texpresshimselfclearly.螁25.explainv.解释explanationn.薆explain(sth)tosb像某人解释某事膄explain+从句袃eg.Idon’twanttoexplainanything.袈MrWuispatientenoughtoexplainthingstous.芈Heexplainedhowthemachinewasused.袃26.keepsb.fromdoing阻止某人做某事羃keepsbdoing让某人一直做某事艿keepsb/sthadj.使…保持状态蚅keepsbfromsth保护，使免受羆keepquiet/silent肃eg.keepussafefromdanger虿Ikeepthewindowopenbecauseitistoohot.蒇Myfatherkeepsmestayingathome.蚄Tomtriedtokeephimselffromsleeping.膃27.bebusywithsth忙于做某事Heisbusywithhisworkdayandnight.肀bebusy(in)doingsth忙于做某事Millieisbusy(in)writinganemail.袅28.warnv.警告蒃①warnsb(not)todosth警告某人不要做某事芃②warnsbof/aboutsth警告某人某事膇eg.Thepoliceusgooutaloneatnight.薇Ihim/thedanger.节29.parkingn.停车节Thereisapublicsignsa