从语言到心智-认知人类学的理论进展

第三十卷总176期自然辩证法通讯Vol.30,SumNo1762008第4期JOURNALOFDIALECTICSOFNATURENo4,2008:王丽慧1张君2(1.,100875;2.,100084):作为研究人类文化与思维关系的交叉学科,认知人类学经过半个多世纪的发展,形成了独特的研究进路认知人类学最初与语言学相结合,研究土著民族的语言与感知,强调语言对思维的影响随着研究的深入,学者们发现文化范式对思维形式的决定性影响20世纪中后期以来,认知人类学与语言学心理学和认知科学的研究交织在一起,趋向于关注人类心智及认知过程的分析,这种多学科的融合必将促进人类认知研究的新进展:认知人类学语言文化心智B84A1000-0763(2008)04-0094-052050,1,,,,1955(H.Conklin)(A.Wallace)(W.H.Goodenough),,,,2,,,,3,205060-70,;80,,2060-70,,,,20,,,,,(F.Boas)1920071023(1979-),,,:(1978-),,,:94,1881,,(Eskimo),,,4(1910),(1911),(E.Sapir),,:,5(B.Wolf),;(Hopi),,(Hanunoo)92,(Nuer)400,,:;,,?,(Dani),,mili()mola(),,(focalcolor),,,(E.Rosch),(),,,,6(B.Berlin),;(P.Kay)7,,,:,,,,,,(1,p.32),,,,,,;,,,,,,1871,(E.B.Tylor):81995,,,,,,::,,9,,,,?(R.Redfield)(O.Lewis),,,,,(D.Everett)2070(Pirah?),,83,;,,,12,,(P.Gordon)20,,,:,,,:,10(D.Casasanto),,11,,,,,,,,:,,122060,2070,,,,,,,(1,p.246)206070,,,,,13,Tepozt-Ian,1930,,1951,3159620,20,,(1750),,,,,,,(A.Bastian)19,,,14,20,2050,,(G.A.Miller):(1,p.10)(N.Chomsky),,,2070,,(B.Colby):;;;152080,,,,,,,,:(1)(2),(3)?(1,pp.246-247),,(Roy.DAndrade)(1995),,,,,,20,,,,,,,,971DAndrade,RoyG.TheDevelopmentofCognitiveAnthropologyM.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.1995,p.1.2Tyler,StephenA.CognitiveAnthropologyM.NewYork:Holt,Rinehart,andWinston.1969,p.3.3Colby,BenjaminN.CognitiveAnthropologyJ.EncyclopediaofCulturalAnthropology,Volume1.DavidLevinsonandMelvinEmber,editors.NewYork:HenryHoltandCompany.1996,209-215.p.210.4Shore,Bradd.CultureinMind:Cognition,Culture,andtheProblemofMeaningM.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.1996,p.19.5Sapir,Edward.TheStatusofLinguisticsasaScienceJ.Language1929,5:207-214.p.209.6E.H.Roasch:OntheInternalStructureofPerceptualandSemanticCategories.InT.E.Moore(ed).CognitiveDevelopmentandtheAcquisitionofLanguageM.LondonandNewYorkAcademicPress.1973.7.J.,2007:2,32-37.8.A..M.,.,2006,34.9.N.,20061117.10Gordon,Peter.NumericalCognitionwithoutWords:EvidencefromAmazoniaJ.Science,2004.306:496-499.FirstappearedinScienceEx-press,onlinepublicationAugust16th2004.11DanielCasasanto.CryingWhorf!J.Science,2005.307:1721-1722.12DanielL.Everett.CulturalConstraintsonGrammarandCognitioninPirah?:AnotherLookattheDesignFeaturesofHumanLanguageM.Volume46,Number4,August-October2005.pp.621-646.13McGee,JohnR.andRichardL.Warms.AnthropologicalTheoryM.MountainView,CA:MayfieldPublishingCompany.1996.14Garbarino,MerwynS.SocioculturalTheoryinAnthropology:AShortHistory.ProspectHeightsM.IL:WavelandPress.1983,p.32.15.()J.2002:4,52-58.责任编辑胡新和上接第93页,,20,,20,,,?,,,98ThreeArgumentsonCharacteristicsofDaoistOuterAlchemy(p.64)HUANGYong-feng(PhilosophyDepartmentofXiamenUniversity,Xiamen,Fujian)AlthoughtheDaoistouteralchemyhasattractedcloseattentionbytheacademic,thereisfewprobeofitscharacteristics.Theexperienceachie-vementofouteralchemyreflectedthehistoricalaccumulationoftechnology.Therewasdistinctconsiderationofpracticabilityinit.Anditalsocon-tainedreligiouscompositions.SothethoroughreviewofthesecharacteristicsisquitehelpfultodisclosethelawofDaoisttechnologyandcanvividlyrevealtheDaoistteachingsandtheories.MatteoRicci,LIZhi-zaoandtheCompilationofTongwenSuanzhi(p.68)PANYi-ning(Mathematics&SoftwareInstitute,SichuanNormalUniversity,Chengdu,Sichuan)Fromthelate16thcentury,JesuitssuchasMatteoRicciarrivedinChina.InordertoarousetheinterestofChineseliteratiinChristianity,theyintroducedWesternmathematicstoChina.TheChineseliteratisuchasLIZhi-zaobegantolearnWesternmathematicsandtriedtointegrateitwithtraditionalChinesemathematics.TongwenSuanzhiwascompiledinthiscontext.BasedonChineseandWesternsources,theauthorpointsoutthatTongwenSuanzhicomesfrommuchmoreChineseandWesternmathematicsbooks.DemonstrationofTheoremGuangfeiYingshoubyFANGYi-zhiandJIEXuan(p.75)FUBang-hong(UniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina,Hefei,Anhui)Thearticleanalyzedtheexperimentalandtheoreticaldemonstrationoftheoremguangfeiyingshou(thelightisexpandingwhiletheshadowisshrinking)byFANGYi-zhiandJIExuan.Theirdemonstrationtellsthattheconceptofguangfeiyingshoucomprisedbytwosubconception,whichisguangfeiandyingshou.ThedemonstrationofFANGYi-zhiandJIEXuanisnoticeablesignificancefromcontenttomethodology.Thespiritoftheoreticallyinnovationisalsoworthbeingpaidattentionto.GeorgeElleryHale,FatherofAstrophysicsandPioneerofBigScience(p.79)WANGDa-ming,GAOWen-jie(ColleagueofSocialScienceandHumanities,GraduateUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing)GeorgeElleryHaleisoneofoutstandingAmericanastronomersandthefatherofastrophysicsintheturnofthecentury.Hehasdoneaplentyofresearchworkofsolarspectrascopies,ofsun-spotsmagnetsandtheirpolarity,andstellarcharactersandtheirevolution.Allofthosepavethewayfromclassicalastronomytothemodernastrophysicsinthe20thcentury.Heisalsoanexcellentorganizerforscientificcareerandamasterbuilderofgiganticscientificinstrumentmaking,especiallythe100and200-inchopticaltelescopesinMt.WilsonandPalomarObservatories,whichwerefoundedbyHale,arethesymbolofthecomingofbigscience.HaleisreallyapioneeroftheageofbigscienceintheUS.QuantitativeResearchesofJournalofDialecticsofNatureQuotedbyDomesticAcademicPeriodicalsintheYears1994