独立光伏系统中蓄电池充放电控制器的设计

南京师范大学泰州学院毕业论文（设计）（2012届）题目：独立光伏系统中蓄电池充放电控制器的设计院（系、部）：电气工程学院专业：电气工程与自动化姓名：许长安学号13080339指导教师：时斌南京师范大学泰州学院教务处制2摘要能源危机的加剧使得光伏电能的应用越来越受到人们的重视，成为新能源利用的主流之一，对于一个完备的独立光伏直流应用系统，除了光伏电池、蓄电池、负载之外，光伏充放电控制器是不可或缺的。蓄电池作为独立光伏系统中一个重要的组成部分,起着至关重要的作用:在光照情况下它既能补充太阳能供应的不足,又能储存多余的太阳能;在无光照的情况下它是负载的唯一能源。由于外界环境和条件要求的不同,如光照强度与时间、环境温度、负载、系统的可靠性等,独立光伏系统，光伏充放电控制器通过监测蓄电池的状态，对蓄电池的充电电压电流加以规定和控制；并按照需求控制光伏电池和蓄电池对负载电能的输出，是整个光伏系统的核心部分。关键字：蓄电池DC-DC变换MATLAB最大功率跟踪控制方法ABSTRACTIntensificationoftheenergycrisismakestheapplicationofphotovoltaicelectricitymoreandmoreattentionhasbeenpaid.becomeoneofthemainstreamuseofnewenergy.foracompletestand-alonePVDCapplications,inadditiontophotovoltaiccells,batteries,load,PVchargeanddischargecontrollerisessential.batteryasanimportantpartofstand-alonePVsystem,playsavitalrole:inthecaseoflight,itcansupplementthesolarenergysupplyinadequate,butalsotostoretheexcesssolarenergy;lightloadtheonlyenergy.Duetothedifferentrequirementsoftheexternalenvironmentandconditions,suchaslightintensityandtime,ambienttemperature,load,reliabilityofthesystem,etc.,stand-alonePVsystems,PVchargeanddischargecontrollerbymonitoringthebatterystate,batterychargingvoltageandcurrenttoberegulationsandcontrol;controlofphotovoltaiccellsandbatteriesandinaccordancewiththedemandloadelectricalenergyoutput,isthecorepartoftheentirePVsystem.Keywords:BatteryDC-DCtransformMATLABmaximumpowertrackingcontrolmethod4目录摘要.........................................................................................................................................................................2ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................................................3目录.......................................................................................................................................................................4第一章绪论...........................................................................................................................................................51.1概述.........................................................................................................................................................51.2相关领域发展现状................................................................................................................................51.3本文研究的目的和主要研究内容........................................................................................................6第二章光伏电池MATLAB仿真模型与输出特性分析......................................................................................82.1光伏电池物理和数学模型的建立.........................................................................................................82.2光伏电池MATLAB仿真模型的建立.......................................................................................................92.3光伏电池输出特性曲线.......................................................................................................................102.4模型参数对光伏电池输出特性的影响...............................................................................................132.4.1日照强度变化时光伏电池的输出特性...................................................................................132.4.2温度对光伏电池输出特性的影响...........................................................................................142.4.3负载变化对光伏电池输出特性的影响...................................................................................16第三章基于DC-DC变换的最大功率控制........................................................................................................173.1最大功率跟踪控制(MPPT)..................................................................................................................173.2DC-DC变换............................................................................................................................................183.2.1Buck电路.................................................................................................................................183.3光伏发电中的DC—DC转换电路........................................................................................................233.4MPPT控制的几种不同算法.................................................................................................................24第四章蓄电池.....................................................................................................................................................264.1蓄电池简介..........................................................................................................................................264.2蓄电池的充放电特性..........................................................................................................................264.2.1充电电压..................................................................................................................................264.2.2充电电流..................................................................................................................................264.2.3充电方式............................................................