英美国家概况Unit-6-British-Literature-(英国文学)

Unit6BritishLiterature(英国文学)一、本单元重点内容1.Beowulf{贝奥武夫(一首古英文史诗的名字，同时也是此诗中的英雄的名字)}2.TheCanterburyTalesbyGeoffreyChaucer(杰弗里·乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》)3.StoriesaboutKingArthur(关于亚瑟王和他的骑士们的故事)4.WilliamShakespeare(威廉·莎士比亚)5.theRomancewritersinthe19thcentury(19世纪浪漫派作家)6.TheBrontes(布朗特三姐妹)7.CharlesDickens(查理·狄更斯)8.SirWalterScott(瓦尔特·司各特)9.RobertLouisStevenson(罗伯特·路易斯·斯蒂文森)10.Modernism(现代主义)11.Postmodernism(后现代主义)12.JosephConrad(约瑟夫·康拉德)13.VirginiaWoolf(维吉尼亚·吴尔夫)14.D.H.Lawrence(D.H.·劳伦斯)15.E.MFoster(EM·福斯特)二、本单元重、难点辅导1.earlywriting1).BritishliteratureconcernedwithChristianity:Anglo-Saxons’illustratedversionsofthebible:themostfamous---theBookofKells2).Beowulf---alongpoem,oneoftheoldestoftheseearly“OldEnglish”(AD6thC.—AD11thC.的盎格鲁˙撒克逊的英语)literaryworks(古英语文学作品指8thC.AD—11thC.AD)3).CanterburyTalesbyGeoffreyChaucer(1340-1400)ThemostimportantworkinMiddleEnglish(中古英语：11thC.AD—15thC.AD)Literature.It’smadeupofaseriesofstoriestoldby31pilgrimstoentertaineachotherontheirwaytotheChristianChurchatCanterburyinsouth-eastEngland.It’squitenoticeableforitsdiversity,notonlyintherangeofsocialstatusamongthepilgrims,butalsoinstyleofthestoriestheytell.杰弗里·乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》是中古英语文学中最重要的作品。故事讲述了31个朝圣者结伴到英格兰东南部的坎特伯雷去朝圣.途中,每个人讲一个故事,来缓解旅途的劳顿.值得注意的是,这部故事集体现的多样性,这些朝圣者来自不同的阶层,几乎涵盖了当时的所有社会阶层,他们讲故事的风格也各不相同.(中古英语：指11世纪到15世纪的英语)4).thestoriesofKingArthurandhisknightsKingArthurwastheKingofEnglandinthe5thCenturyandwasthecentralfigureofmanylegends.HistoryoftheKingsofBritainpublishedin1138wellestablishedKingArthurinliteraryform.Thebookinventedmaterialtofillthebroadgapsinthehistoricalrecord.ThestoriesofKingArthur’scourt,hisknightsandtheirfamousroundtableandthesearchfortheHolyGrailweremainlybasedonaveryfewvague“facts”.TheruinedcastleatTintagelinCornwallmentionedinthelegendsofKingArthurisnowapopulartouristdestination.2.ElizabethanDrama(伊丽莎白一世:1533.9.7—1603.5.24)---ageneralfloweringofculturalandintellectuallifeinEuropeduring15thand16thC.whichisknownas“TheRenaissance”---drama:themostsuccessfulandlong-lastingexpressionsofthisdevelopment---the1stprofessionaltheatreopenedinLondonin1576---thegreattrio(thebestofthefamousplaywrights)1)ChristopherMarlowe(克里斯托弗·马洛)—theearliestofthetrioDrFaustus《浮士德博士》2)WilliamShakespeare(1564--1616)—anEnglishdramatistandpoetintheElizabethanage.HeisgenerallyregardedasthegreatestplaywrightinEnglishliterature.Hisplaysfallintothreecategories:tragedies(Hamlet,RomeoandJuliet,etc.),comedies(MerchantofVenice,TheDreamsoftheMidsummerNight,etc.)andhistoryplays(HenryVI,CharlesIIetc.)威廉·莎士比亚是伊丽莎白时期的英国剧作家和诗人。他通常被认为是英国文学中最伟大的剧作家。他的作品分为三类：悲剧、喜剧和历史剧，悲剧有《哈姆莱特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等，喜剧有《威尼斯商人》、《仲夏夜之梦》等，历史剧有《亨利6世》《查理二世》等。3)BenJonson3.the19thC.literatureRoughlythefirstthirdofthe19thcenturymakesupEnglishliterature’sromanticperiod.Writersofromanticliteraturearemoreconcernedwithimaginationandfeelingthanwiththepowerofreason.粗略地讲，19世纪的前30几年构成英国文学的浪漫主义时期。浪漫派作家更多地关注人类的想象力和情感，而不是理性的力量。AvolumeofpoemscalledLyricalBalladswrittenbyWilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridgeisregardedastheromanticpoetry’s“DeclarationofIndependence.”Keats,ByronandShelley,thethreegreatpoets,broughtRomanticMovementtoitsheight.ThespiritofRomanticismalsooccurredinthenovel.威廉·华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治合编的《抒情歌谣集》被认为是浪漫派诗歌的“独立宣言”。济慈，拜伦和雪莱这三位伟大的诗人把浪漫主义运动推向高潮。浪漫主义的精神在小说中也有体现。TheRomanticssawthemselvesasfreespirits,emphasizingnature,originality,theemotionalandpersonal,ratherthanthe“rational”intheirwork.Thiswasachangefromtheemphasisonimitatingclassical(meaningAncientGreekandRoman)conventionsandforms.---novels1).JaneAusten—6novelsSenseandSensibility,PrideandPrejudice,Emma2).Brontesisters—daughtersofthevicarofavillagechurchinYorkshire.Thoughpoor,theywereeducatedandrespectable.Theyalldiedyoung,butwererememberedlongaftertheirdeathfortheircontributiontoEnglishliterature.—Charlotte(JaneEyre),Emily(WutheringHeights)andAnn.她们是约克郡一个乡村教会的牧师的女儿，分别叫夏洛特，爱米莉和安。虽然很穷，但她们都受过良好的教育，非常受人尊敬。她们很年轻就去世了，但是由于她们对英国文学的贡献，在她们去世后那么久都没有被人遗忘。夏洛特的名篇是《简爱》，爱米莉的名篇是《呼啸山庄》。为了书出版，她们都得用男性化的笔名。3).ElizabethGaskell(盖斯凯尔，awomanwriter)(friendofCharlotte;representamorerealisticaspectofthe19thC.;supportedinherworkbythegreatestBritishstorytellerofthe19thC.,CharlesDickens)—NorthandSouth4).CharlesDickens(1812－1870)—isnowregardedasoneofthegreatestEnglishwriters.Hisworkswerecharacterizedbyvividcomiccharacterizationandsocialcriticism.Hewrotemanywell-knownnovels,includingBleakHouse,OliverTwist,ATaleofTwoCities,DavidCopperfield,justtonamethebestknown.查尔斯·狄更斯是英国最伟大的作家之一。他的作品以生动幽默的人物刻画和社会评论为特征。他写了很多部小说，包括《荒凉山庄》,《雾都孤儿》,《双城记》,《大卫·科坡菲尔》.在此只列举最好的几部。*ElizabethGaskellandCharlesDickensareregardedasnovelistsfirstandsocialcriticssecondinthe19thC.5).SirWalterScot—themostfamousScottishnovelistandwrotemanynovelsintheearlydecadesofthe19thC.SomeofthenovelswereconcernedwithScottishhistory.Someremainpopulartodayandseveralhavebeenmadeintofilms.RobRoy(《罗布˙罗伊》concernedwithScottishhistory),Ivanhoe(《艾凡赫》astoryofconflictbetweenSaxonandNorman)6).RobertLouisStevenson—wroteScottishhistoricalromances,DoctorJekyllandMr.Hyde(《吉基尔医生与海德先生》),anovelconcernedwiththeconflictbetweentherationalandtheemotional.(TheIslandofTreasure《金