高二英语课件高二英语上学期unit8grammar高二英语课件

WordStudyAnswertopart11.stressed2.equality3.responsibilities4.representatives5.summarised6.willingnessAnswertopart21)Adverbs:really,unfortunately,absolutely,especially,successfullyAdjectives:lonely,lively,ugly,lovely,friendly2)Wordswithnegativemeaning:lonely,ugly,unfortunately;Wordswithpositiveorneutralmeaning:lively,lovely,friendly,absolutely,really,especially,successful.Grammar1.ConferencesliketheEarthSummithelppeopleunderstandthatthereexistseriousproblemsandthatthereisstilltimetotakeaction.2.Notuntilweknowmorewillwebeabletoimprovethesituation.Inversion(倒装句)什么叫倒装句？在英语中，陈述句的正常语序为“主语+谓语+句子其它成分。”如果为了语法结构的需要（如疑问句和therebe句型）或强调句中某一成分，把谓语或谓语一部分移放在主语之前，我们称之为倒装句。倒装句常分为两种，即完全倒装和部分倒装。（一）完全倒装完全倒装：谓语的全部放到主语之前。在完全倒装句中，不需加do,does或did。下列情况用完全倒装：1）在以here,there或out,in,up,down,away,now,then等表方位、时间的副词放在句首时，表示强调。e.g.Incameastrangeman.Herecomesthebus.Therestandsapinetreeatthetopofthemountain.[注意]当主语为代词时不需倒装。试比较：Awaywenttheboy.Awayhewent.2)作状语或表语的介词短语或分词短语位于句首时，为了强调状语或表语，或为了保持句子平衡时。e.g.Westofthecityliequiteafewuniversities.Lyingonthegroundwasawallet.3)adj./p.p./prep作表语位于句首时。e.g.Presentatthemeetingweresomecityleaders.GonearethedayswhenChinawaspoorandbackward.Amongthegiftsareflowers,booksandanecktie.4)用于so/nor/neither开头的句子里，表示重复前部分内容。句子的谓语应与前句的时态和形式保持一致。e.g.HehasbeentoBeijing.SohaveI.Ican’tswim.Neither/Norcanhe.5)直接引语与直接引语的一部分位于句首时。e.g.“Getupquicklyoryou’llbelate,”shoutedMother.“Therearealotofdifficultiesbeforeus,”saidthemanager.[注意]当主语为代词时，主谓语不倒装。e.g.“Let’shurryup,”hesaid“Let’shurryup,”saidtheman.(二)部分倒装部分倒装是把谓语的一部分（助动词）放于主语前面，即助词（等）+主语+谓语或其它动词。1）疑问句e.g.AreyoufromAmerica?Howoldisyourfather?其中反意问句前面陈述部分不倒装，后面附加部分倒装。特殊问句中，如果疑问词在句中作主语，或作主语的定语，就不倒装。e.g.Whoisgoingtogiveusatalk?(疑问词who是主语)Whichglassisbigger?(疑问词which修饰主语glass)2）否定意义的副词或连词（如seldom,scarcely,barely,rarely,not,nowhere,hardly,little,never等）放在句首时，e.g.SeldominallmylifehaveImetsuchadeterminedperson.NevershallIforgetit.[注意]几个否定词提前的特殊句型：①Notonly……butalso……句型（前一个分句部分倒装，后一个分句不倒装）e.g.Notonlydoeshehavetotypeouttheansweronacomputer,butalsogetsthecomputertotranslatethisintosounds.②Notuntil句型（复合句中的前面从句不倒装，后面主句倒装）e.g.Notuntilshesawthepresentdidshefeelhappy.③Nosooner…than…句型（后面从句不倒装，前面主句倒装）e.g.Nosoonerhadhefinishedthetalkthanamanstoodupandputforwardaquestion..④Hardly…when…句型（后面从句不倒装，前面主句倒装）e.g.HardlyhadIenteredthearmywhenIfeltveryproud.3)以only修饰的副词，介词短语或从句做状语，位于句首时。e.g.OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.Onlyinabigcitywasitpossibletobuyawheelchair.4）在so(such)…that句型中，如把so或such部分放于句首时需要部分倒装。e.g.Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.SuchakindpersonisJimthatheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.5)省略if的倒装，如果条件从句中的谓语有were,had或should等时，可省去if，把were,had或should移到主语之前。e.g.WereIyou(=IfIwereyou),Iwoulddotheworkbetter.Hadtheytime(=Iftheyhadtime),theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus.6）某些特殊需要的句子：①为了表达生动，或为了强调表语或状语或使句子均衡而倒装。e.g.Attheheadofqueuewasanoldwoman.②某些表示祝愿的句子，需要倒装。e.g.Mayyousucceed!祝你成功！LongliveChina!中国万岁！