定语从句精讲

定语从句TheAttributiveClause合并句子:1.Themanisaworker.2.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.定语从句（Attributiveclause）概念：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。Marryisabeautifulgirl.形容作定语Marryisagirlwhohaslonghair.句子作定语，修饰girl，叫做定语从句。Marryisagirl.Marryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子Marryisgirlwhohaslonghair.Marryisagirlwhohaslonghair.先行词定语从句关系词关系副词关系代词which,who,whomwhose,thatwhere,when关系词的作用1.代替先行词；2.他还在定语从句中担任一定的成分；3.同时连接先行词与她引导的定语从句。（主句和从句连起来）关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。关系词判断步骤：首先，要看先行词。如果先行词指人，关系代词可用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物，关系代词可用which或that；然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词主格宾格所有格人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致。注：定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。Thewomanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingyesterdayismymother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时)(从句)Thewoman(who/that)spokenatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示过去时间)定语从句的用法（考点）：当先行词是物时，用which或that引导。Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.当先行词是人时，用who,whom,whose,that引导。who,whom,whose,that用法区别。who作定语从句的主语或宾语。Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.分解：Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.thetallthestrongthecleverboyTheboyisTom.TheboywhoistallisTom.TheboywhoisstrongisTom.TheboywhoiscleverisTom.TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.TheboywhositsinfrontofmeisTom.whom作定语从句中的宾语，在口语和非正式文体中常用who代替，可以省略。Thewomanwhom/whotheywantedtovisitisateacher.分解：Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.合并：Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.(宾语)Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.合并：Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.合并：Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.关系代词1.who指人，作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人，作宾语（作宾语可省略，若介词提前则不能省）Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.3.whose作定语从句的定语。Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解：Iknowthegirl.Thegirl'smotherisateacher.whose是代词的所有格形式，它既可以代人也可以代物。Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.4.that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语。注意：关系代词作动词宾语时可省略。Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.关系副词1.which指物，作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略，若介词提前则不能省）Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?关系代词与介词:介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)1).Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2).Theroom(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom(which)Iliveinisverybig.TheroominwhichIliveisverybig.定语从句中需注意事项:一、先行词是物，关系词只能用that，而不宜用which的情况：1.从句所修饰的词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.2.先行词是something,nothing,anything,little,few,much,many,all等不定代词时Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.3.先行词既有人也有物时，只能用thatIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.4.先行词是oneof,theone,或用little,much,few,no,all,some,any,theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast作修饰。Isittheonethatyouwant?Ihaven'tgotmuchthatIcanofferyou.5.当主句已有疑问句who或which时，用that。Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?二、先行词是物关系词只能用which不能用that的情况：1.先行词为that，those时，只能用which.Whatisthatwhichisunderthedesk?Thosearethebooks(which)Iboughtyesterday.2.关系词前有介词时。Thisistheroominwhichhelives.注：who,that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用who,不能用that.1).先行词是anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用who。ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?2).在therebe句型中，先行词指人，关系词用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.