2013高考英语阅读理解专题--推理判断题

阅读理解专题--推理判断题1.推断隐含意义2.推断作者观点或态度3.推断写作目的4.推断文章出处5.推断上下文内容阅读推理判断题1.Questionforms:Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.Fromthetextweknowthat…ismostlikely.Whenthewritertalksabout…,whatthewriterreallymeansis.Thewritersuggeststhat.Thestoryimpliesthat.Wecaninfer[conclude]fromthepassagethat.这类题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等标志性词语。要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。解答这类题时，首先通过寻读找到相关信息点；然后研读，理解相关信息点的字面意义；结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。推测隐含意义选择答案时，注意排除以下干扰项，以便缩小选择范围：(1)原文信息的简单重复，而非推断出来的结论。(考生易误选)(2)推理过度的片面结论。(3)与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论等。(4)符合考生已有常识，但文章中没有信息支持。(考生易误选)2.技巧点拨1).全面分析2).忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息ItwasavillageinIndia.Thepeoplewerepoor.However,theywerenotunhappy.Afterall,theirforefathershadlivedinthesamewayforcenturies.Thenoneday,somevisitorsfromthecityarrived……..(1分钟)●FromParagragh1welearnthatthevillagers____.A.workedveryhardforcenturiesB.dreamedofhavingabetterlifeC.werepoorbutsomewhatcontentD.livedadifferentlifefromtheirforefathers3.Practice:(passage1)SeveraldifferentbisonspecieshavelivedontheNorthAmericancontinentsincetheIceAge;todayonlytwoexist.Thewoodbisonisthelargerofthetwo,andisnowfoundmostlyinwesternCanada.BetterknownintheUnitedStatesisthePlainsbison,orbuffalo.Atonetime,herdsoftheseanimalscouldbesighedalmosteverywherefromtheAppalachianMountainsintheEasttotheRockyMountainsintheWest.●Theauthorimpliesthatseveraltypesofbison______.•A.liveoutsidetheUnitedStatedandCanada•B.arewelladaptedtoswampyterrain•C.existedbeforetheIceAge•D.havebeenkilledorhavediedoutP2说明文中作者的态度:objectiveneutral（中立的）；在议论文中，有：(1)positive(2)negative(3)neutral(4)approval(5)disapproval(6)indifferent(7)sarcastic（讽刺的）(8)critical(9)optimistic(10)pessimistic客观的消极的漠不关心的不赞成的乐观的悲观的赞同的批判的1.Questionforms:Thewriter’sattitudetoward…is______.Thewriterthoughtthat______.Accordingtotheauthor，______.2.技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，才能推断出作者的弦外之音。（1）可能是自己的观点或看法（2）社会的一种普遍倾向（3）与本文无关（4）与作者相反的观点或看法选择答案时，注意排除以下干扰项，以便缩小选择范围：Passage3.（江西卷）Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying—holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering—canbebadforphysicalhealth.Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,don’tfightit.It’sanatural—andhealthy—emotionalresponse(反应).（2分钟）●Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.B.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.C.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.D.Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure.Passage4.Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities.Ofcourse,therehavealwaysbeenpeoplewhohavelookedforadventure---thosewhohaveclimbedthehighestmountains,traveledintounknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinsmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans.Now,however,therearepeoplewholookforanimmediateexcitementfromariskyactivity,whichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds.Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?Somepsychologistssuggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,people'sliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival.Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.（3分钟）●Thewriterofthetexthasa____attitudetowardsdangeroussports.A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.nervous1.Questionforms:(1)考查整篇文章的写作目的A.Thewriter’spurposeofwritingthispassageisto_____.B.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?C.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto_____.(2)考查某处细节的写作意图A.Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat_____.B.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_____.C.…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_____.2.常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的,但写作目的通常有以下三种：(1)toentertainreaders（让人发笑）(2)topersuadereaders(3)toinformreaders（告知读者）常见于故事类的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience常见于广告类的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章.3.技巧点拨(1)根据文体类别推断写作目的(2)从写作手法来推断写作目的Passage5.“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.（1.5分钟）●Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthemPassage6【2012重庆卷B篇】•Toplistsarelecturingpeopleoneverythingfrom100bookstoread.Aren'tyoujusttiredofbeingtoldwhattodowithyourtime?•Nowyouhavealisttoendalllists!•Takealookatthefollowingtwoexamplesfromthelistof101thingsnottodo:•GotoSeetheMonaLisa?•Theremustbesomethingaboutthemysterious(神秘的)smile…•So,stilllongtoseetheMonaLisa?Ifyouwanttofindoutmoreaboutthelist,read101TingsNOTtoD