高考英语非谓语动词的运用与比较高三英语课件

非谓语动词的运用与比较不定式动名词分词非谓语动词1非谓语动词的词性及句法功能a.动词：Torunfast状语Tosmokeacigarette宾语Feelinghungry表语1。非谓语动词的词性及句法功能2。句法功能的区别：3。非谓语动词的形式4。非谓语动词的复合结构b.其它词性：词性在句中成分名形副主宾表宾补定状不定式分词动名词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√XXXX2.句法功能的区别：1主语动名词不定式Inmanycountries,shakingone’sheadmeans“no”andnoddingmeans“yes”.Towriteasciencefictionishiswish.It’sdangeroustoplay/playingwithfire.1.两者作主语一般可以通用，意义没有多大差别。2.不定式一般表示特定的，具体的行为，特别是表将来的一次行为；动名词常表示抽象的，一般的行为。Itisnouse_______(argue)withhimaboutthat.arguing3.在含有no,-less，常用动名词短语作主语。Eg.Itisnousedoing….;Itisuselessdoing…Itisnogooddoing…;Itisnohelpdoing…2.表语不定式动名词分词Thestoryismoving.Awayofsaying“Iamhungry”ispattingthestomachbeforeameal.Mytaskthisclassistoteachyouhowtograspthegrammar.1.现在分词作表语表示主语的特征，相当于形容词，因此它前面可用very,quite或表示比较意义的more,most来修饰；动名词作表语说明主语的内容，可以与句中的主语交换位置。由于动名词具有明显的名词特征，故不能用以上表示程度或比较意义的词修饰。不定式则表示某一次具体的行为，类似于作主语。Hishobbyisplayingfootball.Or:Playingfootballishishobby.Thevolleyballmatchwewatchedwasveryexciting.2.动名词作表语时，该句的主语有很大的局限性，主要是job,work,task,duty,wish,happiness,等；现在分词作表语时的主语范围广泛得多。HeTheThescientificnovelToreadanovelatthemomentWhathesaidisinteresting.3.宾语动名词不定式根据习惯搭配和语义区分习惯接动名词作宾语的有：mind,finish,enjoy,avoid,risk,consider,practise,suggest,advise,miss,appreciate,imagine,putoff,keep(on),giveup,insist,beusedto,lookforwardto,stickto,devoteone’slifeto,bebusy,beworth,can’thelp,excuse,escape,admit(承认)，delay,keep,risk,objectto（反对）,payattentionto,etc.习惯于后接动词不定式而不接动名词作宾语的动词有：want,wish,hope,expect,promise,pretend,decide,manage,refuse,learn,agree,plan,offer,long,demand,help,manage,prepare,learn,determine,prefer,intend,etc.•动名词与不定式的不同含义：•beafraidtodo•不敢、害怕、胆怯去做某事•beafraidofdoing•担心、恐怕出现•Weareneverafraidtolaydownourlivesfortherightcause.•为了正义的事业我们绝不怕牺牲自己的生命。•Shewasafraidofwakingherhusbandup.2)forgettodosth.忘记去做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth.忘记做过了某事（已做）Thelightintheofficeisoff.Itwasshewhoturneditoff,butsheherselfforgot_______(turn)itoff.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Sheforgot______(turn)itoff.3)remembertodosth.记着去做某事（未做）rememberdoingsth.记着做了某事（已做）Doyouremember______(meet)meatapartylastyear?Youmustremember______(leave)tomorrow.4)regrettodosth.遗憾地说/告诉…regretdoingsth.后悔做了…Iregret_____(go)tohishometown.Iregret_____(tell)youthetruth.5)stoptodosth.stopdoingsth.6)trytodosth.trydoingsth.Youmusttry_____(do)itagain.Let’stry_____(do)theworkinsomeotherway.7)meantodosth.meandoingsth.Ifitmeans_____(delay)morethanaweek,I’llnotwait.Imean_____(go),andnothingcanstopme.8)goontodosth.goondoingsth.9）can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁，不禁can’thelp(to)dosth.不能帮忙做…10.permit/allow/advise+doingsth.+sb.todosth.11.start/begin/continue/like/love/hate+todosth.+doingsth.但有些动名词在句中是主动形式，却有被动含义Thehouserequires/needs/wantsrepairing.Thebookisworthreading.4.定语动名词分词不定式Doyouknowthemantalkingwithablackthere?Thecarryingpoleremindsmeofourbitterdaysinthepast.Therewillbemanypeopletohelpyou.=whoistalking…Thepoleforcarryingthings1所含时态意义thelaughingaudienceHaveyoureadthebook20,000LeaguesUndertheSeawrittenbyJulesVerne?Thenextboytoplaywenttothepiano.Heisalwaysthefirstonetogetup.分词－正在进行或发生了的动作不定式－尚未实现的将来的行为或表示一般性叙述而无一定的时间性。动名词－表示被修饰词的目的或用途2逻辑关系：分词－主谓关系（可改成定语从句）动名词－表示被修饰词的目的或用途不定式－多种逻辑关系ThelabtobebuiltbeingbuiltbuiltlastyearTherisingsun---thesunthatisrisingAbrokenglass---aglassthatisbrokenThelightisoff.Pleasegivemesomecandlestogivelight.(somecandlesthatgivelight)主谓关系Ahardjobtodo---ahardjobthatonemustdo动宾关系Aplacetorest---aplacewhereonecanrest动状关系Theplantoopenupricefields同谓关系3.现在分词和过去分词fallingleavesfallenleavesexitingnewsexitedstudents-ing令人…;-ed表示所修饰词本身的特征adisappointingvoice;adisappointedvoice注意：1。现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词的表示的动作几乎同时发生。如两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。1.Theteachercriticizedthestudentwhohadbrokenthewindow.2.Yesterday,mothertoldmeaneventwhichhappenedfiveyearsago.2.不定式作定语Changethefollowingintoinfinitives.•Hewasthefirstpersonthatcametotheclassroomthismorning.•Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosay?•Herearesomebooksthatyoucanread.•Hethoughtoutaplan_____(punish)Tom.•Heisalwaysthelast_____(come)tooffice•Pleasegivemeaknife_____(cut)with.•作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。5。宾语补足语不定式分词使役动词：make,have,let,hear,listento,see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,etc.感觉动词：find,see,watch,notice,hear,feel,etc.It’scoldoutside,wehadthefireburningallnight.Mumhadhimwashtheplates.Isawhimgoupstairs.Isawhimgoingupstairs（已经上去了，全过程）（此刻的行为）6。状语不定式分词1.Everydayheclimbedtoahighrocknearhiscavetokeepwatch.2.Twoyearslater,herfatherdisappeared,nevertoreturn.3.I’mverygladtohavethisstampagain.4.Itistoodarkforustoseeanythingintheroom.5.Heisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.目的结果原因程度程度不定式主要作目的，结果和程度状语1.OncefleeingGermany,EinsteinwentfirsttoFrance,thentoBelgium…2.Beingashyman,Einsteindidn’tattendthegreatcelebration.3.Thetrainerappeared,followedbysixlittledog.4.Givenmoretime,Icandoitbetter.5.Weighingalmost100jin,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.6.Theboystoodup,obligingmetorise,too.时间原因方式，伴随条件让步结果1。分词在句中主要作时间，原因，方式或伴随，条件，让步，结果状语。分词和不定式作结果状语MygrandfatherlivedtoseetheliberationofChina.Tony’sfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.Hewenthome,onlytofindhismoneystolen.（动作行为）（状态）2。不定式强调动作发生的过程或未曾料到的不愉快的结果；分词主要表示动作发生后所引起的结果状态或必然产生的结果。现在分词和过去分词作状语Manypeoplecometoth