倍的认识思辨

•完形填空是NMET试题中的一个重要部分。“完形填空共20题(从第36~55题)，考试时间为15分钟，分值为30分，占总分的20％。在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约250词)内留有20个空格，每个空格为一题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。填空的词项包括结构词和实义词。”“完形填空部分的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力”。（测试能力要求大体接近大学非英语专业二年级水平。）《高中英语课程标准和考试说明》对高考完形填空的规定语法结构词汇题篇章结构高考完形填空考什么？词汇手段复现同现词汇的复现关系指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到了相互衔接。词汇的复现关系又可分为原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、上下义词复现和概括词复现四类。复现eg:1.Theygotosleepinallkindsofplaces.Redsquirrelsdisappearinsidetrees,bearsusecaves,frogsgodeepunderthemud,andmanyotheranimalsdigholesintheearth.2.IndeedwithoutEinstein’stheory，whichwastheresultomanycomplicatedmathematicalcalculations，therewouldneverhavebeenanypracticalapplicationofnuclearpower．3.Atthatmoment,however,hefeltstrangelyunwillingtodoso.Insteadofmovingbackwardasplanned,hetookastepforward,andthenanother!(概括和同义复现)上下义词复现反义复现______________________________________________________①Itcanbesaidthatforeign__74__thatmakesthefacultymemberfromabroadanassetalso(creates)problemsofadjustment,bothfortheuniversityandfortheindividual.………fessorandhisstudents(lack)backgroundineachothers‘culture.74.A.situationB.backgroundC.circumstancesD.condition四个选项都表示情况的概念,而一个外籍老师的情况又该用什么词来表达,通过文章后半部的阅读考生就不难发现background一词，便可判断此处答案为B。②Astheplanecircledovertheairport,everyonesensedthatsomethingwaswrong.………Movingthepilot(aside),themantookhisseatandlistenedcarefullytothe(urgent)instructionsthatwerebeingsentbyradiofromtheairport(below).Theplanewasnowdangerouslyclose(to)theground,buttoeveryone‘s(relief),itsoonbegantoclimb.Themanhadto__84___theairportseveraltimesinordertobecome(familiar)withthecontrolsoftheplane.………Following__88___,themanguidedtheplanetowardtheairfield.84.A.surroundB.circleC.observeD.view88.A.impressionsB.informationC.inspectionsD.instructions从上文中的circled可以推断84在机场上盘旋应该是B。从上文中listenedtotheinstructions可以判断88为D。这样，84为上文中circle的复现；followinstructions为listentoinstructions的复现。①Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents.…………Itisthe__80__responsibilitytofindbooks,magazines,andarticlesinthelibrary.A.student‘sB.professor'sC.assistant‘sD.librarian's从前面的responsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents可以判断查找材料也应该是学生的责任，所以答案为A。2)同义词、近义词复现①Forcingyourselftorecall(almost)neverhelpsbecauseitdoesn't____yourmemory;itonlytightensit.81.A.loosenB.weakenC.decreaseD.reduce②Therearefourtypesofblood.__67__typesarefoundineveryrace,andnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.67.A.AllB.MostC.NoD.Some前后两部分互为解释，一为肯定，一为否定，为反义复现。从下文的tighten可以判断，上文应该是选loosen。并列连词and说明前后语意一致，那么，前后应该是反义复现，与no反义的自然是A(all)。①Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents.Ifalongreadingassignmentisgiven,theinstructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththe(information)inthereading…………Whenresearchis__78__,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwith(minimum)guidance.78.A.collectedB.assignedC.distributedD.finished该部分作者通过两个例子说明，应该有学生负责自己的学习，都是从布置作业方面解释。说明布置阅读作业时要求学生如何；布置研究作业时又该要求学生如何。两个例子概念复现，借助于givereadingassignment的表达方式，可以确定78应该是B，构成assignresearch的结构3)同源词复现②(Although)thesewidemodernroadsaregenerally(smooth)andwellmaintained,with(little)sharpcurvesandmanystraight(sections)…………othersareunevenroad__85__throughthecountry.85.A.drivingB.curvingC.crossingD.travelling上文中提高高速公路上的弯道时用的是curve，85复现弯道的概念，用的应该是与curve有关的动词，即curving①Regardlessofhismethod,heisworkingtoobtaina__85__result:theconstructionofaharvestingmachine,theburningofalightbulb,oroneof(man)otherobjectives.85.A.singleB.soleC.specializedD.specific②ConsidertheeverydayEnglish__87__Goodbye.87.A.expressionB.statementC.proverbD.conversation冒号后自然是对上文的解释，从解释的内容来看，三者统一于一个概念之下：specific为具体，所以答案为D/B是特殊的Goodbye为所填之词的同位语，goodbye为下义词，其上义词应该是A，expression。4)上义词复现1)场所同现①Thisisthoughttobea__89_wherefurtherstudyiscalled(for).89.A.ascopeB.fieldC.rangeD.district研究就有研究的领域、研究的课题、从事研究的人员。所以研究与领域是同现，答案自然就是B。②Another(way)todividethestudyof__80__istodistinguishbetweenphysicalgeographyandculturalgeography.Theformerfocusesonthenaturalworld;the_81__startswithhumanbeingsand_82___howhumanbeingsandtheirenvironmentact(upon)eachother.Butwhengeographyisconsideredasasinglesubject,__84__branchcanneglecttheother.80.A.worldBearthC.globeD.geography81.A.secondB.nextC.laterD.latter82.A.learnsB.studiesCrealizesD.understands84.A.neitherB.toC.oneD.by从文章主题(也就是话题)来看，本短文所谈论的是地理。地理作为一门科学有其研究的内容。所以，geography,science,study是同现词汇,80答案为D，这从下文分述中的复现也可证明；82答案为B，是同现动词。从上文former的使用可以推断82答案为D，因former与latter为结构同现。最后theother的使用说明只有两个，况且这一段所讨论的就是两种地理观的区别，那么两者都不自然就是neither，也就是说neither与theother本来是同现关系。2)修饰同现③(Although)thesewidemodernroadsaregenerally__72__andwellmaintained,with(little)sharpcurvesandmanystraight__74__,adirectrouteisnotalwaysthemost(enjoyableone).72.A.stableB.smoothC.splendidD.complicated74.A.selectionsB.separationsC.seriesD.sections本题涉及到名词同现和形容词同现。与高速公路同现的形容词自然应该是平坦，有高速公路同现的名词自然有路段。由此来判断可知72答案为B，74答案为D。语法手段照应替代省略2、语法结构方面对语法结构的考查集中在1）虚拟语气；2）定语从句（连接词，限定与非限定定语从句的区别，定语从句与其它主从复合句的区别）；3）状语从句；4）非谓语动词(动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词，动名词)；5）主谓搭配一致(时态，语态，语气，人称，数)；6）并列句，省略句，倒装句及割裂的复杂句子；7)逻辑主语(主要是非谓语动词的逻辑主语)，在句法上不是主谓关系，但在语义上为施动者与动作的关系；8)词类之间的搭配要求，如名词需要形容词，名词，冠词，非谓语动词，词组及定语从句修