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TheIcebergTheory(alsoknownasthetheoryofomission)isthewritingstyleofAmericanwriterErnestHemingway.In1932,inDeathintheafternoon,Hemingwayusedaneffectivemetaphortodescribehiswritingstyleforthefirsttime:Thedignityofanicebergisduetoonlyone—eighthofitbeingabovewaters.oneeighthofitisabovethewater,alloftherestisimplied.Ifawriterofproseknowsenoughofwhatheiswritingabouthemayomitthingsthatheknowsandthereader,ifthewriteriswritingtrulyenough,willhaveafeelingofthosethingsasstronglyasthoughthewriterhadstatedthem.Awriterwhoomitsthingsbecausehedoesnotknowthemonlymakeshollowplacesinhiswriting.Succinctwords,distinctimages,plentifulemotionandprofoundthoughtarethefourfundamentalelementsoficebergtheoryforfurtherstudy,thatis,thewordsandimagesaretheso—called”1/8”whiletheemotionandthoughtaretheso—called”7/8”.Theformersarespecificandvisualwhilethelatterareimpliedintheformer.Thewordsportraytheimages;theemotionisembodiedintheimages;thethoughtisembodiedintheemotion.1932年,海明威在他的纪实性作品《午后之死》中,提出著名的“冰山原则”。他以“冰山”为喻,认为作者只应描写“冰山”露出水面的部分,水下的部分应该通过文本的提示让读者去想像补充。他在书中说道:如果一位散文家对于他想写的东西心中有数,那么他可以省略他所知道的东西,读者呢?只要作者写得真实,会强烈的感觉到作者省略的地方,就好像作者已经写出来了。他说:“冰山运动之雄伟壮观,是因为他只有八分之一在水面上。八分之一是作者看到的,八分之七虽然没有写出来,但是读者也能感觉到。”文学作品中,文字和形象是所谓的“八分之一”,而情感和思想是所谓的“八分之七”。前两者是具体可见的,后两者是寓于前两者之中的。
本文标题:Comment-The-Iceberg-Theory海明威冰山理论全
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