高考英语专题总结：完形填空解题方略

——巧用暗示性词语(cluewords)完形填空试题命题策略完形填空是考查学生在语境中选择恰当的语词完成语篇表达的能力，具体包括语篇理解能力以及在具体语境中准确运用语词的能力考点完形填空考查的语篇层面的语词运用能力。语篇理解：70%语句理解：30%。考点应该覆盖考纲所规定的考点，实义词占80%，虚词一般只占20%。难、易度•通过本句---易•通过本句与上句下句理解--中•通过整篇理解---难•提示性语句离试题本句越远，难度越大。也应设计少量根据生活常识等图式才能判断选择答案的试题。知识目标：●了解句子、段落、篇章中衔接与连贯语义场的暗示性词语(cluewords)及其显性暗示和隐性暗示的七种手段。●掌握完形填空中运用显性暗示和隐性暗示的解题技巧，并利用其解题。Leading-inGuessthemissingwordsinthesongI’maNewSoul.BrainstormingI’maNewSoulI’ma_______soulIcametothisstrangeworldhopingIcouldlearnabitabouthowtogiveand_________.ButsinceIcameherefeltthejoyandthe_________findingmyselfmakingeverypossible___________la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la...I’ma________soulinthisverystrangeworldhopingIcouldlearnabitaboutwhatistrueand________.Butwhyallthishatetrytocommunicatefindingtrustandloveisnotalwayseasytomake.la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la...___New_____________________newtakefearmistakeyoungfaithWhatisaclueword?Aclueword(暗示词)isawordthatislinkedtotheanswer,soitisveryusefulinacloze.Accordingtothecluewords,you'llfinditmucheasiertodoacloze.Acluewordcanbefoundeither________or________theblanks.beforeafterThepositionofaclueword?1)Mr.Brownisateacher,heworksintheschool.2)KFCstaffnotonlyworkintheday,butalsoworkduringthenight.3)Itissourgentthathehasnotimetoexplainmore.4)Lindaslippedandfelldownthestairsbecausethefloorwaswet.5)Timeisveryvaluable.Wemusttreasureourtime.Findoutthecluewordsinthefollowingsentenceswithin20seconds.20191817161514131211109876543211)Mr.Brownisateacher,heworksinthe_______.2)KFCstaffnotonlyworkintheday,butalsoworkduringthe_____.3)Itissourgentthathehas___timetoexplainmore.4)Linda________andfelldownthestairsbecausethefloorwaswet.5)Timeisveryvaluable.Wemust_______ourtime.schoolnightnoslippedtreasureHiddenClues隐性暗示ClueWords提示词IntermsoftherelationshipbetweenthecluewordsandthekeysObviousClues显性暗示1)第一种显性暗示手段:同词暗示（同源词）有时为了表达的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出现，可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。如：Wouldn’titbegreatifwedidn’thavetorememberpasswordseveragain?Ifwecouldjustsitinfrontofourcomputersandbe21(automatically)loggedin?CravementionshowNECSoftBiodeLogonsystemusesfacerecognitiontechnologytologyouontoWindows,ratherthanusinga22.（NMET2007广东）22.A.faceB.passwordC.softwareD.system__________2)第二种显性暗示手段：同义词、近义词暗示原文表达中，可借助意思相同或相近的词，有时则是用解释性的语言来连接上下文的语义。如：Oneofthemostpopulartrendstodayisforfamiliesandgroupstogowithathemewhenchoosingtheircostumes.Forexample,costumesmightbe__4__onthebasisofafavoritemovie,fairytale,orsomeotherconnectingtheme.4.A.purchasedB.selectedC.gainedD.rewarded__________3)第三种显性暗示手段：反义词暗示语意的连贯有时通过对比的结构采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释。应注意分析这类概念复现，从反义的角度判断正确的选项。(NMET-2007-全国II)WearrivedinSpainforthefirsttimeafewweeksago.Idecidedto21acarbecausewehadsoldtheonewehadinEnglandbefore22home.21.A.borrowB.driveC.buyD.choose22.A.leavingB.makingC.returningD.getting________________________4)第四种显性暗示手段：上下义词暗示上下义词是指词的总结和分解关系,上义词是总称词,下义词是其包含的个体或种类。Hetaughtherhowtorelyonother_____,specificallyherhearing.(NMET2010湖北)A.feelingsB.organsC.skillsD.senses_________•上义词•sports•______________•renewableenergy•______________•下义词•badminton,running,football…•rice,noodles,bread…•_______________________•table,sofa,bed…WhenIturnedfourteen,sheboughtmeasecondhand_________andtoldmethatIcouldbecomeawriter.(NMET2010江苏)A.cameraB.radioC.bicycleD.typewriter5)第一种隐性暗示：同一话题（场景）暗示某些词汇或表达是围绕同一个话题或同一个场景展开的。_______(NMET-2007全国II)Ihadtriedoutamodellikeit(bicycle)before,butasIwasnotyet24drivinginthiscity,mywifedidnotwantmetocollectit25sowewenttogetherto26it.24.A.sureofB.satisfiedwithC.interestedinD.usedto25.A.onmyownB.rightawayC.inahurryD.ontheway26.A.receiveB.bringC.orderD.fetch6)第二种隐性暗示：因果暗示在同一个句子或段落中，有时前后的词语之间存在必然的因果关系。____________________________________________________7)第三种隐性暗示：搭配暗示形容词和名词之间、动词和副词之间、动词和宾语存在的搭配关系。(2011新课标全国卷)And(theprofessor)wentonsaying,“Youhavejust41animportantlessonaboutscience.Thatis:Never42yourownsenses.”41.A．learnedB.preparedC.taughtD.taken42.A．loseB.trustC.sharpenD.show__________________ObviousClues显性暗示HiddenClues隐性暗示Intermsoftherelationshipbetweenthecluewordsandtheblanks1.同词（同源词）2.同义词、近义词3.反义词4.上下义词ClueWords提示词1.同一话题（场景）2.因果3.搭配Let’sapplyourskillsoffindingcluewordstodotheclozetestsinNMET2010&2011Guangdong.NMET2010GuangdongCloze(完形填空)Twokeywords:____________________________(cultural)differencesdoorsControlled-practice21、22、23同词（同源词）暗示；24、25反义暗示Everycountryhasitsownculture.Eventhougheachcountryusesdoors,doorsmayhave21functionsandpurposeswhichleadto22differences.WhenIfirstcametoAmerica,Inoticedthatapublicbuildinghadtwodifferent23andtheyhaddistinctfunctions.Youhavetopushthedoorwiththeword“PUSH”togooutofthebuildingandtopullthedoorwiththeword“PULL”to24thebuilding.Thiswasnewtome,becauseweusethe25doorinSouthKorea.ForquiteafewtimesIfailedtogooutofashoppingcentreandwasembarrassed.21.A.differentB.importantC.practicalD.unusual22.A.nationalB.embarrassingC.culturalD.amazing23.A.exitsB.entrancesC.signsD.doors24.A.enterB.leaveC.openD.close25.A.mainB.sameC.frontD.backdoordoorgooutofdifferent__________________doorsdoordoorsHalf-controlledpractice:因果暗示2题；近义词暗示1题；同词（同源词）暗示1题、反义词暗示1题。Thewayofusingschoolbusdoorswasalso26tome.Iusedtotaketheschoolbus