2020年上海高考英语概要写作同义替换和句式

2020上海高考英语：概要写作同义替换及句式一、常用的词汇替换1.词义替换(1)名词①担忧:worry→concern②建议:suggestion→proposal③影响:influence→impact④目标:target→goal⑤难题:problem→issue⑥机会:chance→opportunity⑦垃圾:litter→rubbish,trash⑧发展:development→advance,progress⑨住所:house→shelter⑩困难:difficulty→obstacle,barrier,challenge人:people→individual,person,human优势:advantage→merit,virtue,benefit,upside,strength老人:oldpeople→theaged,theelderly缺陷:disadvantage→drawback,downside,weakness干旱:withnorainatall→drought方法:method→way,approach地区:district→zone,place,region,area姿势:pose→gesture冒险:adventure→expedition财富,财产:wealth→fortune,property高速公路:expressway→freeway居民:resident→citizen塞车:jam→congestion原因:reason→factor(2)动词①减轻:ease→relieve②提倡:propose→advocate③讨厌:hate→dislike,befedupwith,beboredwith④鼓励,激发:encourage→motivate,fuel⑤对……感兴趣:beinterestedin→becaughtupin,becrazyabout,bekeenon,befondof⑥阻止:prevent→stop⑦充分利用:makefulluseof→makethemost/bestof,takeadvantageof⑧相似:looklike→resemble⑨完成:accomplish→achieve,finish⑩抵挡:standupto→withstand,resist,oppose处理:dealwith→handle采取措施:takeaction→takemeasures,takesteps加速:speedup→accelerate出发去某地:setofffor→headfor,leavefor经历:undergo→experience降低至:fallto→declineto,decreaseto,dropto要求:request→demand,require消除:clear→eliminate,remove确保:ensure→assure,guarantee,makesure宣称:declare→claim给予:give→offer,provide,supply保持:keep→preserve,reserve,maintain导致:leadto→cause,giveriseto,resultin暴露:reveal→expose使:make→enable提高:improve→enhance改变:change→transform,alter与……联系:associatewith→connectwith建立:build→establish,setup得到:get→acquire,obtain拥有:have→possess,own感谢:thank→appreciate表达:express→convey解决:solve→copewith,dealwith,resolve帮助:help→assist,aid步行:walk→cover确信:makesure→ensure认为:think→claim,consider,believe,insist,hold损害:damage→hurt,injure,harm,impair,endanger保护:protect→conserve,preserve致力于:bedevotedto→becommittedto展示:show→reveal,illustrate,present允许某人做某事:givesb.permissiontodosth.→allowsb.todosth.预订:book→reserve推迟:putoff→delay转换:switch→convert,transform禁止:forbid→ban,prohibit区分:tellsth./sb.apart→distinguish由……构成:bemadeupof→becomposedof,consistof维持:sustain→support,maintain承担责任:shoulder/undertakeone'sduty→beresponsiblefor,takeresponsibility增加:beontherise→increase,multiply尽力做某事:dosth.tothebestofone'sability→tryone'sbesttodosth.,sparenoefforttodosth.,makeeveryefforttodosth.专心致志于:putone'sheartinto→beabsorbedin,bebenton,beburiedin(3)形容词①乏味的:boring→dull,tiresome②害怕的:afraid→frightened,scared③出名的:famous→notable,renowned④显然的:obvious→apparent,evident,clear⑤严重的:severe→serious⑥有益的:useful→helpful,beneficial,profitable,rewarding⑦新的:new→fresh,brandnew,novel⑧粗鲁的:rude→impolite⑨怀疑的:doubtful→skeptical,suspicious,incredulous⑩快速的:fast→speedy最便宜的:theleastexpensive→thecheapest许多:many→aseaof,anoceanof,abundant,numerous,considerable巨大的:big→enormous,vast,massive,tremendous聪明的:clever→smart,gifted,sharp-minded好的:good→fantastic,magnificent,outstanding,remarkable穷的:inpoverty→poor,needy悲伤的:sad→depressed,frustrated重要的:important→significant,essential,critical,vital,crucial基本的:fundamental→basic,essential神圣的:sacred→holy充足的;富裕;富有:richin→plentiful,少量的:asmallnumberof→ahandfulofample,generous,abundant主要的:primary→main合理的:reasonable→sensible,rational,sound勇敢的:brave→fearless,bold,courageous开心的:happy→cheerful,delightful艰难的:difficult→tough,challenging有害的:harmful→damaging,ruinous传统的:traditional→conventional生气的:angry→annoyed,irritated最初的:initial→original疲劳的:worn→tired,exhausted(4)副词①非常:very→extremely,intensely,extraordinarily②最后:finally→eventually,ultimately③起先:firstly→originally,initially④大约:approximately→almost,about,around,nearly,roughly⑤肯定地:certainly→definitely,undoubtedly,obviously,apparently⑥经常,总是:frequently→constantly,always⑦立刻:rightnow→immediately,shortly,rightaway⑧事实上:asamatteroffact→practically,inpractice,inreality,ineffect,infact⑨平稳地:steadily→smoothly⑩决不,从不:never→onnoaccount,atnotime,undernocircumstances偶尔,有时:nowandthen→attimes,occasionally很少:rarely→seldom每天:dayinanddayout→everyday缓慢地,轻微地:slightly→slowly,mildly仅仅:only→merely完全地:totally→absolutely,completely目前:atpresent→nowadays,recently急剧地:dramatically→sharply,steeply(5)其他替换①我认为:inmyopinion→personally,frommyperspective②关于:withregardto→asfor③虽然:despite/regardlessthefactthat→although④同时:atthesametime→meanwhile⑤同时:atthesametime→inthemeantime⑥因为:onaccountofthefactthat→because⑦对比:ontheotherhand→bycontrast,onthecontrary⑧此外:inaddition→besides,furthermore,moreover2.词性转换①追求:pursuev.→pursuitn.②受伤:injurev.→injuredadj.受伤的→injuryn.受伤③重要的:importantadj.→beofimportancen.④受欢迎:popularadj.→popularityn.⑤强调:putanemphasisonn.→emphasizev.⑥更喜欢:preferv.→preferencen.⑦讨论:haveadiscussionofn.→discussv.⑧缺乏:alackofn.→lackv.⑨比较:comparisonn.→comparev.⑩倾向于:haveatendencytodon.→tendtodov.需要:haveaneedforn.→needv.调查:conductaninvestigationn.→investigatev.决定:makeadecisionn.→decidev.解释:giveanexplanationofn.→explainv.创造性:creativityn.→creativeadj.各种不同的:avarietyofn.→variousadj.评估:assessv.→assessmentn.指派,布置作业:assignv.→assignmentn.方便:conveniencen.→convenientadj.辨别:distinguishv.→distinguishedadj.突出的评估:evaluatev.→evaluationn.使烦恼:annoyv.→annoyingadj.令人烦恼的→annoyancen.烦恼二、常用的写作句式(一)提出建议的句型Isuggestthat…Whynotdo…?Wh