美国瑞士新加坡养老制度比较

—84—20045May,2004113JournalofShanghaiUniversity(SocialScience)Vol.11No.3200436C913.7A1007-6522(2004)03-0084-06——“”“”2030193580%“”19203040-50602003-05-211973-20021951-—85—1955205019557()50%19373000198143800[1](P206)196872“”,()65106565“”651.56%6565650.25%,3%651“”96%“”155%195791“”40001979113100199029700700.6%600.5%555555—86—198713090046000()203080“”2.6,6512.7%,2050,3.3,6518.5%[2]10-201983300“”20901966-19873.7%,950()19601985GDP4.1%11.2%19501987GDP1.9%;“”“”—87—198320019863701990GDP5%11%[1](P215-216)1987155319805553,,90%1995319977,,,()601.2665860010%7%,657%14%856625[3]—88—198012.6%202024.2%,40,,2000,19801985199019952000202020302040%12.613.213.515.515.724.236.837.2%6.510.81618.322.434.941.842.3%8128.91386.556199814591511.652.619991872000357[4],,,,,,(),,“”“”,()60555050706567105“”—89—“”()199519991731.8%[5]“”“”[1].[M].:,1996.[2].[M].:,1989.232.[3].[M].:,2000.293.[4].[M].:,2001.[5].“”[J].,2003,(4):59.TheContrastofOld-AgeInsuranceSystemsfromAmerica,SwedenandSingaporeAUsefulReferencetoOurCountryFANTian-xia,XUDing-ya(SchoolofSocialSciences,ShanghaiUniversity,Shanghai200436,China)Abstract:America,SwedenandSingaporearetypicalcountries,old-ageinsurancesystemsofwhichallfeaturefinancial-aidedinsurance,welfaregiventothewholepeopleandcompulsorysavingsalthoughtheyhaverespectivetraitsandmerits.Theold-ageinsurancesystemofourcountry,beyonddoubt,mustdrawontheexperiencesofthesethreecountriesand,atthesametime,considerthespecificsituationofourown.Thepatternofraisingfundshouldshiftfrompay-as-you-gotopartialaccumulation,combiningoverallsocialplanningwithpersonalaccountsandmanagingseparately.AndtheageofretirementshouldbepostponeproperlysoastorelievethepressureofpopulationagingKeyWords:old-ageinsurancesystem;thepatternofraisingfund;theprincipleofmanagement()