unit 2 Yin and Yang HK2009

UnittwoYinandYangSharonGanContentsWarm-upquestions1Textanalysis2notes3exercises4Short—answerquestions•1.Whatisyin-yangtheorybasedon?•2．Whatcanyinandyangbeusedtoexplain?•3．Whatistheliteralmeaningofyinandyang?•4．Howdoyinandyangtransformintoeachother?•5．Howcanyinandyangbefurtherdividedwithinayinoryangcategory,giveexamples?Warm-upquestions•6．Whatmayhappenifyinandyangareinanextrememanner?•7．Whatdoes“waxingandwaningofyinandyang”mean?YinandYang•definitionofyin—yangtheory•Example:《易传》曰：一阳一阴谓之道（道代表宇宙中对立统一的基本规律•YiZhuansays,YinandyangarewhatiscalledDao,(Daomeansthebasiclawoftheunityofoppositesintheuniverse).CharacteristicsofYinandYangdynamic,bright,hot,functional,etc...Yangstatic,dark,cold,substantial,etc...YinThebasiccontentofyin-yangtheoryTEXTTEXTTEXTOppositionofyinandyangInterdependencebetweenyinandyangWaningandwaxingofyinandyangTransformationofyinandyangStatesfromClassics•《素问》曰：阴阳者，天地之道也，万物之纲纪，变化之父母，生杀之本始。•SuWensays:yinandyangarethelawofheavenandearth,theprinciplesofallthings,theparentsofallchanges,theoriginoflifeanddeath.•《素问》曰：“阴胜则阳病，阳胜则阴病”•AsisstatedinSuWen,Yininexcesscausesyangdisease,whileyanginexcessleadestoyindisease.StatesfromClassics•《内经》曰：阴在内，阳之守也；阳在外，阴之使也。•Neijingsays:Yinintheinterioristhebasisforyang;whileyangintheexterioristheactivityforyin.•独阳则阴无以化，独阴则阳无以生•solitaryyinoryangfailstoliveStatesfromClassics•《素问》曰：重阴必阳，重阳必阴。寒极生热，热极生寒。•SuWenstates:Extremeyingivesrisetoyang,whileextremeyanggivesrisetoyin.Extremecoldbringsonheat,whileextremeheatbringsoncold.TheapplicationoftheYin-Yangtheory•l.ExplainingtheTissuesandStructureoftheHumanBody•2.ExplainingthePhysiologicalFunctionsoftheHumanBody•3.ExplainingthePathologicalChanges•4.ServingastheGuidetoDiagnosisandTreatmentExplainingtheTissuesandStructureoftheHumanBodyYangthelowerpartofthebodyYintheinteriortheabdomentheupperpartofthebodytheexteriortheback*IntermsoftheanatomicallocationsExplainingtheTissuesandStructureoftheHumanBodyYangthezang-organsYinyinmeridiansandYinCollateralsthefu-organsyangmeridiansandYangCollaterals*Concerningthezang-fuorgansConcerningthemeridian-collateralsystemExplainingtheTissuesandStructureoftheHumanBody•Example:•《素问》说：人生有形，不离阴阳。•Suwenstates:Man,havingaform,cannotdeviatefromyinandyang.ExplainingthePhysiologicalFunctionsoftheHumanBody•Example:•以功能和物质的关系为例，功能属阳，物质属阴•Taketherelationshipbetweenfunctionandmatterforexample,functionpertainstoyangwhilematter,toyin.ExplainingthePhysiologicalFunctionsoftheHumanBody•《素问》曰：阴平阳秘，精神乃治；阴阳离决，精气乃绝。•SuWensays:Theequilibriumofyinandyangmakesthevitalitywell-conserved;thedivorceofyinandyangessence-qiexhausted.•SuWensays:“Onlywhenyinisatpeaceandyangiscompactcanessence-spiritbenormal;ifyinandyangseparatefromeachother,essentialqiwillbeexhausted”ExplainingthePathologicalChanges•Example:•阳盛则热，阴盛则寒；阳虚则寒，阴虚则热；阳损及阴，阴损及阳•yangexcessleadstoheatsyndromewhileyinexcesscausescoldsyndrome;yangdeficiencyresultsincoldsyndromewhileyindeficiencycausesheatsyndromes;yangdeficiencyaffectsyinwhileyindeficiencyaffectsyang.ServingastheGuidetoDiagnosisandTreatmentherbswithcoldnature:yinherbswithwarmandhotnature:yangmedicinalnatureherbsthataresour,bitterandsalty:yinHerbsthatareacrid,sweetandbland:yangherbswithastringent,descendingandsinkingactions:yinHerbswithdispersing,ascendingandfloatingactions:yangtheflavorsactionsServingastheGuidetoDiagnosisandTreatment•examples:•阳为气，阴为味•Yangpertainingtoqiandyintoflavor•辛甘发散为阳•Pungentandsweetwithdispersingeffectpertainingtoyang•Examples:•酸苦涌泄为阴•Sourandbitterwithemeticandpurgativeeffectivepertainingtoyin•淡味渗泄为阳•BlandtastewithdampnessexcretinganddiureticeffectspertainingtoyangServingastheGuidetoDiagnosisandTreatment•Examples:•善医者，必先察色按脉，以别阴阳•Askilleddiagnostician,firstofall,differentiatesbetweenyinandyangwhenobservingthecomplexionandfeelingthepulse.•实者泄之•treatingexcesssyndromeswiththepurgationServingastheGuidetoDiagnosisandTreatment•Examples:•益火之源，以消阴翳(阴病治阳)•restrainingpredominantyinbyreinforcingyang(treatingyangforyindiseases)•壮水之主，以制阳光(阳病治阴)•restrainingpredominantyangbystrengthening(renal肾)yin(treatingyinforyangdiseases.)Specialphrases•“治法＋证名”＝“……者……之”•treating...with...•实者泄之•treatingexcesssyndromewithpurgationpurgingexcess•虚者补之•treatingdeficiencysyndromewithinvigoration，（orinvigoratingdeficiency）Specialphrases•寒者热之•treatingcoldsyndromewithhot-natureddrugs，（orheatingthecold）•热者寒之•treatingheatsyndromewithcold-natureddrugs，（orcoolingtheheat）Specialphrases•物极必反•thingswilldevelopintheoppositedirectionwhentheybecomeextreme•阴阳平衡•balanceofyinandyang•热邪•accumulationofheat•阳气暴脱•suddencollapseofyangqiUsefulexpressions•阴阳平衡•Yin—yangbalance•阴阳调和•Yin—yangharmonyUsefulexpressions•阴极似阳•Extremeyinresemblingyang•阳极似阴•Extremeyangresemblingyin•阴阳交感•InteractionofyinandyangUsefulexpressions•阴生阳长•Yingrowingwhileyanggenerating•阴静阳燥•Staticyinanddynamicyang•阳化气，阴成型•YangtransformingqiwhileyinconstitutingformExercise•TranslatetheChineseintoEnglish:•阴阳学说属于中国古代哲学的范畴。它认为宇宙中的万物都是由不断相互制约又相互关联的两个对立面组成的。阴阳学说广泛应用于中医，以解释人体的组织结构、生理功能和病理变化，用来作为治疗诊断的指南。key•Yin-yangarosefromancientChinesedialectics.Itholdsthateveryobjectintheuniverseconsi