高中英语语法专题指导课件：名词

高中英语语法专题指导课件名词1、不可数名词的特点2、可数名词的单、复数;3、可数与不可数名词的修饰语及转换；4、名词作定语；5、名词的搭配;6、名词的所有格7、词语辨析；高考考点分析不可数名词的特点(1)Tablesaremadeof____.A.woodB.woodsC.woodenD.somewoods(2)Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor____abouthishearttrouble.A.anadviceB.adviceC.advicesD.theadvices(3)Hegainedhis______byprinting______offamouswriters.A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works(1)没有复数形式；(2)不能直接在前面加不定冠词；(3)表示其数量不能直接在前面加数词，而要用apieceof之类的结构。ABD(1)DrSmithisgoingtopulloutoneofmy______.A.teethB.toothC.teethsD.toothes(2)_____turngreeninspring.A.LeafB.LeafsC.LeaveD.Leaves(3)_____willmakeatriparoundtheworldduringthecomingChristmas.A.TheEvensB.TheEvens’C.TheEvensesD.TheEvenses’1.当可数名词的数大于一时要用复数形式。2.特殊用法ADC一般情况加-s1.清辅音后读/s/map-mapsbook-books2.浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bagscar-cars名词复数的规则变化(1)以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es读/iz/bus-buseswatch-watches但如果以–ch结尾的名词发音为[k]时，只加–s。stomach—stomachs读/s/以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-ses读/iz/bridge-bridgesexercise-exercises名词复数的规则变化(2)以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加-s变复数：读/z/twoMarystheHenrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加esies读/iz/party-partiesbaby---babies名词复数的规则变化(3)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.加-s读/s/roof---roofs一个首领(chief)带着一个农奴(serf)在海湾(gulf)的悬崖(cliff)上发现一个屋顶(roof)上面有个保险箱(safe)。b.去f,fe加-veshalf---halvesknife---knives读/vz/leaf---leaveswolf---wolveslife---livesthief---thievesc.均可handkerchief--handkerchiefs/handkerchieveshoof-hoofs/hooves名词复数的规则变化(4)atomatosometomatoessomepotatoessomeheroes名词复数的规则变化(5)辅音字母+o结尾，加es读/z/但piano,photo,kilo,tobacco加s元音字母+o结尾，加s读/z/radio-radiosfoot--feetchild-childrentooth--teethmouse--mice名词复数的不规则变化(1)goose-geeseox-oxenman--menwoman--womenmendoctorswomenteachersonesheeptwosheepaChinesetwoChineseaJapaneseseveralJapanese名词复数的不规则变化(2):单复数形式相同onefish一条鱼fishes不同种类的鱼／各种各样的鱼threefish三条鱼somefish一些鱼肉可数名词不可数名词deer-deermeans-meansseries-seriesspecies-speciesworks-works（工厂）Some______visitedourschoollastWednesday.A．GermanB．GermenC．GermansD．Germens国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：1、单复数同形：Chinese;Japanese;Swiss2、需要变形：English-Englishman3、加–s或-es：German–Germans详见下表。1.6不同国家的人的单复数名称总称(谓语用复数）一个人两个人中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermantwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes_______willmakeatriparoundtheworldduringthecomingChristmas.(1993上海)A.TheEvensB.TheEvens’C.TheEvensesD.TheEvenses’专有名词的复数与定冠词连用，常用来表示“一家人”或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如：---Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?---_____.(98上海)APalmer’sBThePalmers’CThePalmersDThePalmer’sMrSmithhastwo______,bothofwhomareteachersinaschool.A．brothers-in-lawB．brother-in-lawsC．brothers-in-lawsD．brothers-inlaw以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：managers-in-chief;fathers-in-law。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加–s。如：grown-ups。可数名词与不可数名词的修饰语及转换1.Ineed______cloth,forI'mhopingtomake______clothes.A.alotof;manyB.much;muchC.many;manyD.many;alot2.Wewaited______forthebus.A.longtimeB.alongtimeC.thelongtimeD.somelongtime3._____workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople‘slivingstandard.A.ManyB.AgreatmanyC.AlargenumberofD.Agreatdealof4.Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetook______picturesofthem.A.manyofB.massesofC.thenumberofD.alargeamountof5.Wehaveonlyasofa,atableandabedinournewapartment.Weneedtobuy______morefurniture.A.anyB.manyC.littleD.someABDBD6.Ihear_______boysinyourschoollikeplayingfootballintheirsparetime,thoughotherspreferbasketball.A.quitealotB.quiteafewC.quiteabitD.quitealittle7.Wealwayskeep________sparepaper,incaseweranout.A.toomuchB.anumberofC.plentyofD.agoodmany8.Manypeopleagreethat____ofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.A.aknowledgeB.knowledgesC.knowledgeD.theknowledgeBC1.有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以有复数形式。如，fishes,fruits,teas,allweathers。2.有些抽象名词表示具体的事物时，是可数名词。如,shame/pity(憾事),interest(乐事),pleasure(乐事),surprise(意外事),disappointment(令人失望的人或事),success(成功的人或事),difficulty(难事),help(帮手)等。A不可数名词与可数名词的转换3.表示“一场/段/件/种……”时，要用a或an，此时多有形容词或of短语修饰。如，afinerain(一阵细雨),aheavysnow(一场大雪),alongtime(很长一段时间)。4.表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea,coffee,drink,beer等，可以用a(n)或数词修饰，也有复数形式。如twoteasandacoffee(两杯茶和一杯咖啡)；5.有的名词可数与否由意思而定。如：paperglasstimeexerciseexperienceroom不可数纸玻璃时间锻炼经验空间余地可数试卷玻璃杯次、倍习题、体操经历、房间6.有些不可数名词，无论在什么情况下也没有复数形式的，即使受形容词修饰也不能加不定冠词的。如advice,fun,homework,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage/luggage,jewellery,clothing等。名词的修饰语1.只能修饰可数名词的有each,either,neither,another,these,those,both,(a)few,several,many,agreat/goodmany,alargenumberof,scoresof,dozensof等。2.只能修饰不可数的有(a)little,much,abitof,agreatdealof,alargeamountof等。3.既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有some,any,half,most,all,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,quantitiesof等。1.Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed.It’s______walk.A.afourhourB.afourhour’sC.afour-hoursD.afourhours’2.Hedroppedthe________andbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee'scupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup3.The______isjustaroundthecornerandyouwon’tmissit.A.bicycle’sshopB.bicycles