英国医疗保障制度变迁及其启示

1,2(1.,100037;2.,130012)[],,,,,[];;[]K141[]A[]1000-3541(2005)04-0110-04BritishMedicalSecuritychangesandOurEnlightenmentsGAOLian-ke1,YANGShu-qin2(1.ChineseAcademyofSocialSciences100037;2.InstituteofHigherEducationJilinUniversityChangchun130012,China)Abstract:Medicalsecurityistheproductofindustrializationandmodernization.Itservescomplementarymedicalcareandhealthforallthepeople.Sothattheycantakepositivecausesonpreventingthecasualtyofillnesses,thenoursocietywinsapeacefulenvironmentanddevelopsharmoniously.Inmoderntimes,itbecomesakeyconstituteofsocialsecurity.AsweknowthatGreatBritishhadbuiltacompleteandsuccessfulsocialsecurityfirstly.Itsciviliansbenefitedmuchfromit.Keywords:GreatBritish;medicalsecurity;institutionchange[]2005-01-20,,,,,1349,,;[1](p.87),,,,,,,,,1531,,,15621260[2](p.15),,,,,1572,,,1576,,1601,,,,,,160101120054(192)THENORTHERNFORUMNo14,2005TotalNo1192,,1696,178217961834,,,,,19,,,,,1718,,,,,,,,,,1920,,,,,1908,,,,,1911,[3](pp.18-20),,,1911,,:234(3)[1](p.93),167016010,7.55,30,,,,warfarestatewelfarestate1942(NationalHealthSer2vice),1944,4,,,,,,,4,1950,1964,:,,,88%,[3](p.17)1975,1986,35.7,22.1,28[1](p.98),,,,,,:,,,88%,,,30,55,,,,,197160,197980,198985[3](p.17),,,,,,,,,,,111,1949-19501959-19601969-19701979-19801984-19851994-1995,6576982917393283533629861500[4](p.232),1994-1995615,362.92,59%,19786.88,GDP15.8%,,,,,,2080,:,,,,,,,,19801981,5%,19821,,,8,,1982,[5](p.153)1983,,,,[6](pp.106-107)1983,,,1985,,,,,,,,,,,,19891,,,,,,,,,,1990,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,19934,,,[7]1993,[8],,,129,,,1412,17777,,,,,,1991(41%),,,,1997,,,,,,80,12,,,;;;;;211[9],[10],20023,100,20,10004,10,,,,20001,,4,500700,7.6%,,,,,,,,100,,:,,,,,,,,,,,()(),,2090,,59%,GDP15.8%,9016[11](p.73),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[][1],.[M].:,2002.[2]CharlesZastrow,IntroductiontoSocialWorkandSocialWelfare,BrooksPColePublishingCompany,London,1993.[3],.[M].:,2003.[4].1945[M].:,1992.[5]StuartAll,ThePoliticsofThatcherism,London,1983.[6]Grand,PrivatizationandWelfareState,London,1985.[7].[J].,2001,(3).[8].[J].,1994,(4).[9][N].,2000-12-27.[10]:[N].,2000-12-27.[11],.[M].:,2001.(:;:)[]311