英国文化课件6-Education-System-UK

IntroductionBritishEducationSystemHistoryThePresentEducationSystemIntroductionThepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystem•“thethreeR’s”(“reading,’ritingand’rithmetic”)toprovidechildrenwithliteracyandtheotherbasicskillstheywillneedtobecomeactivemembersofsociety,teachingthemrulesandvaluesneededtobecomegoodcitizens,toparticipateinthecommunity,andtocontributetotheeconomicprosperityofanadvancedindustrialeconomy.Therelationshipbetweeneducationandsocialclass•classinequalitycanbeerasedorcontinuedaccordingtoeducationalpolicy.教育政策可以铲除地位的不平等，也可以使这种不平等继续存在。这说明在英国，是否受到良好教育直接影响到你的社会地位•thefamousboys’publicschool(这里指私立中学)：Eton(伊顿公学，位于伦敦以西)andWinchester（温切斯特公学，位于英格兰南部）•the“right”universities:OxfordandCambridge(nicknamed:Oxbridge)•剑桥大学是世界超一流高等院校，学生的素质，教师的学养，学校的品位，数百年来常校难以企及。•上世纪20年代，新文化诗人徐志摩两次留学剑桥大学，归国前抒写传世绝唱《再别康桥》。“静德之美”：“静静的我走了，正如我静静的来”；“悄悄的我走了，正如我悄悄的来”。大言无声，大道无形。•剑桥有八百年办学历史了（公元1209年），剑桥有七十多个诺贝尔奖获得者，剑桥走出了牛顿、培根、达尔文、卢瑟福、拜伦、弥尔顿、麦考莱……•牛津大学教学生“无中之有”(everythingaboutnothing)，剑桥教学生“有中之无”(nothingabouteverything),可谓言中。HistoryTheinfluenceofthechurchonschooling:•Historically,educationwasvoluntaryandmanyoftheschoolsthatexistedweresetupbychurches.TheinfluenceoftheChurchonschoolingisstillstrong:religiouseducationwastheonlysubjectwhichthestateinsistedallschoolsteachtheirpupils.Dailyprayersandsinginghymnsisstillaregularpartofschoollife.•Changes:Christianityisnolongertheonlyreligionofficiallyrecognized.Somestate-fundedschoolshaveIslamicreligionastheircreed.•In1989,thegovernmentintroducedaNationalCurriculum(全国教学大纲).Ithasreintroducedcompetitionbetweenschools.ThePresentEducationSystemStateschools&private/Independentschools•InUK,publicschools公学，指私立中学Independent/Boardingschools:arecommonlycalledpublicschoolswhichreceivetheirfundingthroughtheprivatesectorandtuitionrates,withsomegovernmentassistance.Independentschoolsarenotpartofnationaleducationsystem,butthequalityofinstructionandstandardsaremaintainedthroughvisitsfromHerMajesty’sInspectorsofSchools(学校检查员).Theseschoolsarerestrictedtothestudentswhoseparentsarecomparativelyrich.Pre-primaryschooling(uptoage5)•Nurseryschools(托儿所)，daycare(托儿所的日托),orplaygroups•Fromagesof5(4inNorthernIreland)to16,educationiscompulsoryPrimaryschooling(5-11,6years)•Mainlystatesector,co-educational/mixedprimaryschoolsSecondaryschooling(11--around19,7years)•Comprehensiveschools1).About90%ofthestatesecondaryschoolpopulationsinGreatBritainattendcomprehensiveschools.2).admitchildrenwithoutreferencetotheiracademicabilitiesandprovideageneraleducation,teachingstudentseverythingfromacademicsubjectslikeliteraturetomorepracticalsubjectslikecooking•Grammarschools•ThegrammarschoolsarewellknowninBritain.TheyarelikethekeyschoolsinChina.Whentheygraduatefromprimaryschools,theyareusuallyelevenyearsold.Accordingtotheeducationalsystemforgrammarschools,thesechildrenshouldtakepartinanexaminationcalled“eleven-plus”(选拔优秀小学生毕业考试).Thosechildrenwhodowellintheexamwillenterthegrammarschools.Thosewhodonotsowellwillgotothesecondarymodernschools.1).selectchildrenattheage11throughanexaminationcalled“the11-plus”,inwhichthosewhogetthehighestmarksgotogrammarschools;2).layemphasisonadvancedacademicsubjectsratherthanthemoregeneralcurriculumofthecomprehensivesandexpectmanyoftheirpupilstogoontouniversities;3).thegrammarschool/non-grammarschooldivisionisstillcommoninNorthernIreland,butthroughouttherestofGreatBritaingrammarschoolarebecomingincreasinglyrare.After5yearsofsecondaryschooling,ataboutage16,exceptScottishstudents,thestudentssittheirGCSEexams(GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation)中学毕业证书考试Thentheycan1）quitschool;2）orpreparetosituniversityentranceexams;---thosewhohopetoattenduniversitycarryontheiracademicstudyinthe6thformforafurther2yearsandthensitA-levelsexams(GeneralCertificateofEducation-Advanced高级水平测试结业证书)3）orconcentrateonvocationaltraining---GNVQs(GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications国家专业资格证书):thevocationalequivalentofA-levelsHighereducation•Onlyoneprivatelyfundeduniversity:theUniversityofBuckinghamOldestuniversities:1)England—Oxford(12thC.)andCambridge(13thC.)2)Scotland:StAndrews,Glasgow,EdinburghandAberdeen(阿伯丁)from14thand15thcenturiesPolytechnics(多科性理工学院)OpenUniversityOxfordUniversity•白金汉大学TheUniversityofBuckingham•学校简介：白金汉大学创建于1976年，是英国唯一的一所私立大学。该大学不依靠政府拨款办学，因此可开设创新性的课程，根据工商企业需求的变化调整教学内容。大学每年的一月开始新的学年，每年分为四个学期。一般需要攻读三年才能够取得的荣誉学位在白金汉大学仅需两年时间即可完成。攻读硕士生课程的学生可以用三年时间取得本科学位以及硕士学位••白金汉大学的800名在校学生分别来自世界80多个国家，使校园里充满了多元文化的气氛。白金汉大学的师生人数比例适当(1∶10)，采取小组授课的方法教学以及建立个别辅导员制度,使教学效果达到最佳而不懈努力。••地理：白金汉大学是位于白金汉北部乡间的一座小镇，这里建有美丽的公园，欧斯河(Ouse)从白金汉大学的校园内蜿蜒流过。校园内17世纪的古老建筑与当今的现代建筑盯间矗立。这里距离牛津很近(12英里)，距离伦敦58英里，驱车由这里前往伦敦希思罗国际机场仅需一小时。•英语要求：•本科研究生•雅思6.06.5•托福550550•托福(机考)213213Thefirstdegree(theBachelor’sdegree)coursesaremainlyfulltimeandlast3years,exceptinScotlandwheretheytake4yearsInOxfordandCambridgetheBAconvertstoanMAseveralyears(generally4years)later,uponpaymentofafee