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冠词的省略介词的省略连词的省略不定式的省略主语的省略谓语的省略宾语的省略表语的省略定语的省略状语的省略句子的省略习惯上的省略完全倒装部分倒装What…is/was…句型Wh-ever疑问强调句型do/does/did+动词原形Itis/was…that/who…句型主句插入从句插入短语插入第16章特殊句式词语的省略特殊句式成分的省略省略句倒装句强调句插入语第199页第200页一、省略句:1、主语省略:(1)祈使句主语常省略:(You)Comehere!过来!(You)Turnoffthelight!把灯关掉!(2)商业用语中主语常省略:(We)Supplyhonestgoodsathonestprices.货真价实!(3)对话或口语中主语很明确时,主语常省略:(I)Thankyou.谢谢你。(I)toldyouso.告诉过你了。(It)doesn'tmatter.没关系。2、谓语省略:(1)谓语动词为了避免重复而省略:Somepeoplegotothemountain,others(go)totheseaside.有些人到山上去,有的人到海边去。Hecanplaybaseball,andI(canplay)tennis.他会打棒球,我会打网球。(2)在比较状语从句中,谓语可省略:HeistallerthanI(am).他比我高。Ihavenevermetanyoneclevererthanyou(are).我从碰到过任何比你聪明的人。(3)在疑问句回答中谓语常省略:Cansophiaswim?索菲亚会游泳吗?No,shecan't(swim).不,她不会游泳。(4)在反意疑问句中谓语常省略:Hewasn'tkilled,washe(killed)?他没有被杀死,是吗?Shecriedlastnight,didn'tshe(cry)?她昨晚在哭,不是吗?3、主语谓语同时省略:(1)对话中常省略主语谓语:Whoisthatfellow?那个家伙是谁?(Heis)Mybrother.我哥哥。Thankyouverymuchindeed.真的非常感谢你。(Iam)Gladtohavebeenofhelp.对你有所帮助我深感荣幸。(2)在主句从句主语相同,或一些句意明确的句子时省略主语谓语:I'llgo,if(itis)necessary.若有必要,我就去。As(hewas)achild,helivedinAmerica.当他是个小孩时,他居住在美国。(3)感叹句中句意明确时,常省略主语谓语:Whatabeautifulsight(itis).多美的景色啊!Oh,(howIwishthat)youcouldbewithus!我多么希望你能同我们在一起呀!(4)在下列句子中习惯上省略主语谓语:Why(shouldwe)notlethimgo?为什么不让他走?Noman,howevergreat(hemightbe),waseversofreeasafish.再伟大的人也没鱼自由。第200页4、从句常用so或not代替:Willitraintomorrow?明天会下雨吗?I'mafraidnot.=(Iamafraidthatitwillnotraintomorrow.)恐怕不会。Thenewteacherisverystrict.这位新老师严格。Idon'tthinkso.=(Idon'tthinkthatheisverystrict.)我并不认为他很严格。5、其它省略情况:(1)标语、公告、广告、电报中的省略:(Wehave)Agreed.同意了。(Thisis)Notforsale.非卖品。(Keepyour)Handsoff.请勿动手。(Thestoreis)Closedfortoday.今日休业。(2)谚语、格言、习语中的省略:(Itis)Welldone!做得好!Sparetherod,and(youwill)spoilthechild.不打不成器。Ifyousparetherod,youwillspoilthechild.不打不成器。(Whenoneis)Outofsight,(oneis)outofmind.久别情亦疏。第201页二、倒装句:1、全倒装:副词/状语+谓语+主语以表示位置的副词、地点状语开头的句子(表生动):表示时间、地点、方向的副词有:in,out,up,down,back,off,over,away,here,there等:主语是人称代词时不用倒装:表语、状语提前(表强调);主语过长而置后:副词提前:Downcometherain.下起雨了。Awayflewthebirds.鸟飞走了。Herecomesthebus.公共汽车来了。Nowcomesyourturn.现在轮到你了。Outwentthechildren.孩子们出去了。Theregoesthebellforbreak.休息铃响了。Thenoutrushedapackofdogs!接着跑出来了群狗!Therestandsanoldpinetreeonthetopofthehill.在山顶上有一棵古松。Thedoorburstopenandinrushedastranger.门突然开了,一个陌生人冲了进来。地点状语提前:Outsidetheclassroomstoodaboy.教室外站着一个男孩。Behindthefarmbousewasaricefield.农舍后面是一片稻田。Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.一个美丽的湖泊位于山脚下。Underthebigtreewassittinganoldfarmer.在那棵大树下坐着一们老农夫。表语、状语提前(表强调);主语过长而置后:OntheblackboardwerethewordswritteninEnglish:Welcometoourclass!有人在黑板上用英语写道:“欢迎到我们班来!”Gonearethedayswhenmyheartwasyoungandgay.我那有着年轻快乐的心境的日子已经消失了。Happyishewhohasasoundmindinasoundbody.有健康的身体以及健全的心智才是幸福的。Presentatthemeetingweretheschoolheadmaster,theEnglishteacherandthestudents'parents.(多个列举时,只在最后两个之间加and)出席会议的有校长,英语老师和学生们家长。比较:进来了一位小姑娘,穿着一条裙子,梳着两个长辫子。Incameagirl,wearingawhiteskirtwithtwolongpigtails.[girl名词]Inshecame,agirlwearingawhiteskirtwithtwolongpigtails.[she代词]第202页2、半倒装:(1)含有否定意义的副词或短语置于句首修饰谓语时用半倒装:否定词+be/助动词+主语+动词原形barely仅仅,几乎不hardlyscarcely几乎不bynomeans决不invain无效,没有用innotime立刻innocase决不never从不little几乎没有innoway决不nosooner…than一…就…notabit一点儿也不onnoaccount决不not不,没有notuntil直到…才onnoconsideration决不nowhere没有地方rarely很少地innocircumstances决不seldom很少stillless更少undernocircumstances决不BynomeansshallImeethimhalfway.我决不跟他妥协。Ishallbynomeansmeethimhalfway.我决不跟他妥协。InnocircumstanceswouldIpromisetohelphim.我决不答应帮助他。Iwouldnotpromisetohelphiminanycircumstances.我决不答应帮助他。Nowherewasthemissingkeytobefound.Themissingkeywasnowheretobefound.哪儿也找不到那把丢了的钥匙。Barelydoeshegotothemovies.Hebarelygotothemovies.他极少看电影。Notawordwassaid.一句话也没有说。(not修饰的是主语word,所以没有用倒装)(2)“only+状语”置于句首时用半倒装:only+状语+be/助动词+主+谓(原型)若上面的状语是个从句,从句要用陈述语序;若only引导的短语作主语时,不用倒装:Onlyaftertheaccidentdidhehavehiscarinspected.只有在那件意外事件之后,他才叫人检查他的车子。Onlywhenonelosesfreedomdoesoneknowitsvalue.只有在一个人失去自由的时候,才知道自由的可贵。Onlyfiftyoftheriginalonehundredmencameback.在原来的100个人当中,只有50个人回来了。(3)“so,neither,nor”置于句首时用半倒装:sodoI若前面都表肯定时用so,都表否定时用nor/neither;若前面含有两种以后,即有实义又有情态动词、即有肯定又有否定,则用It'sthesamewith…或Soitiswith…句型:Ican'tswim,nor/neithercanhe.=Ican'tswim,andhecan't,either.我不会游泳,他也不会。Hecamelateforschool,buthewasnotpunished.Soitwaswithme.Hecamelateforschool,buthewasnotpunished.It'sthesamewithme.他上学迟到了,但是未受到惩罚。我也是。[前肯定+后否定]第203页(4)“省略if的虚拟条件句”用半倒装:助动词were/had/should+主+谓(原形)Werehemyfriend,Iwouldexpecthishelp.Ifheweremyfriend,Iwouldexpecthishelp.倘若他是我的朋友,我会期待他的帮助。Shoulditraintomorrow,Ishall(should)stayindoors.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Ishall(should)stayindoors.如果明天下雨的话,我将留在屋里。Hadhefollowedmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.Ifhehadfollowedmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.假若他听我了我的建议,他早就成功了。(5)“as/though引导的让步状语从句”用半倒装:名词/形容词/副词/动词+as/though+主+谓Womanas/thoughsheis,sheiscourageous.[名词前不用冠词]Althoughsheisawouman,sheiscourageous.她虽然是个女人,她很勇敢。Braveas/thoughheis,hetremblesatthesightofasnake.[形容词]Thoughheisbrave,hetremblesatthesightofsnake.他虽然勇敢,一看到蛇仍然会发抖。Hardas/thoughhestudies,hecannotpasstheexamination.[副词]Thoughhestudieshard,hecannotpasstheexamination.他虽然很用功,但考试仍然未过关。Tryhisbestas/thoughhewould,hecouldnotdoitwell.[动词]Thoughhewouldtryhisbest,hecouldnotdoitwell.他虽然尽了最大努力,但仍然不
本文标题:16英语教案-特殊句式
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