中医文化简介PPT

cycindy版权下载可改TodayIt’stimetoknowmoreAboutitTheoreticalSystemYinAndYangthelawofnatureEverythingintheuniversecontainsyinandyangdynamicbrighthotfunctionaletc...staticdarkcoldsubstantialetc…YinYangTheFiveElementTheorynaturalphilosophyinancientChinagenerationgenerationgenerationgenerationgenerationrestrictionTherelationshipsofgeneration,restrictionBasicsubstancestoconstitutetheuniversethenatureofgrowingfreelythenatureofflaringupthenatureofgivingbirthtoallthingsthenatureofpurifyinganddescendingthenatureofmoisteninglivereyeeastheartlinguasouthspleenmouthmiddlelungnosewestkidneyearnorth七情指的是人的精神活动。中医把它们归为七类：喜、怒、哀、思、悲、惊、恐。在正常情况下，它们是人体对环境刺激的不同反应，属于正常的生理活动，不会致病。当突然、强烈、持久的精神刺激超出了人体的适应力和忍受力，情感刺激就会成为致病因素，引起气、血和脏腑的功能失调和阴阳失衡，从而导致疾病。这就是“内伤七情”。中医云：“怒伤肝；喜伤心；忧伤肺；思伤脾；惊恐伤肾”。异常情绪主要影响内脏气的活动，导致气的升降失常。具体的说“怒则气上；喜则气缓；悲则气消；恐则气下；惊则气乱；思则气结”。TheFourDiagnosticMethodsInspection察色是观察面部的颜色和光泽的一种诊断方法。中医将面色分为青、黄、红、白、黑，也称为“五色”，面色的改变可以提示疾病的性质和部位。总的来说，色红提示热证；色白提示寒证和虚证；黄色提示虚证和湿证；青色提示痛证、寒证、血瘀和痉证；黑色提示肾虚、血瘀和水液停滞。望还包括对体质的观察。观察体质的强弱、肥瘦和动静姿势可以发现不同的疾病。望舌是中医独特的诊断步骤。通常用观察舌质和舌苔的改变来确定正气的盛衰和疾病的部位，区分病邪的性质，推断疾病的严重程度。Theobservationofcomplexionisadiagnosticmethodforinspectingthecolourandlustreoftheface.TCMdividesthefacialcoloursintoblue,yellow,red,paleandblack,alsoknownasthefivecolours,whosechangesmayindicatesthenatureandthelocationofadisease.Generallyspeaking,redcomplexionindicatesheatsyndromes;whitecomplexionindicatescoldanddeficiencysyndrome;yellowcomplexiondeficiencyanddampnesssyndromes;bluecomplexionsuggestspainandcoldsyndrome,bloodstasisandconvulsion;andblackcomplexionhintsdeficiencyofthekidney,bloodstasisandfluidretention.Inspectionalsoincludesobservationofthephysicalbuild.Bytheobservationofsturdiness,weakness,obesityoremaciationaswellasthepostureofthemovementandstillness,differentkindsofdiseasesmayhefoundout.And,inparticular,theobservationofthetongueisauniqueprocedureinTCMdiagnosis.Itisusedtoobservethechangesofthetongueproperandthetonguecoatingsoastodeterminetheabundanceordeclineofvitalqi,tellthelocationofadisease,distinguishthenatureofpathogenicfactorsandinferthedegreeofseriousnessofadisease.AuscultationandOlfaction另外一种诊断方法是听和嗅。听意味着听病人的声音、言语、呼吸、咳嗽和呻吟。通过听，医生不仅可以了解发音器官的变化，还可以推断内脏器官的病理改变。嗅指的湿闻病人分泌物和排泄物的气味。扩展来说，臭气通常提示实热证；恶臭提示虚寒证；腐味和酸味暗示食滞。Anotherdiagnosticmethodisauscultationandolfaction.Auscultationmeanslisteningtothepatient'svoice,speaking,respiration,coughingandmoaning.Byauscultation,thedoctorcannotonlylearnaboutthechangesofthephonatoryorgan,butalsoinferthepathologicalchangesoftheinternalorgans.Whileolfactionmeanssmellingthepatient'sodorofthesecretionandexcretion.Byandlarge,stenchodorusuallyindicatesheatsyndromesofexcess;stinking（烂醉）odorsuggestscoldsyndromesofdeficiency;andfoulandsourodorimpliesretentionoffood.Inquiry这是一种向病人及其同伴询问和收集有关疾病信息的一种诊断方法。医生还应通过询问了解疾病的发生、过程、诊断和治疗。以下是现病史的询问列表：A.问寒热B.问汗C.问饮食D.问二便E.问痛F.问睡眠Thisisadiagnosticmethodinwhichthepatientorhiscompanionareinquiredtocollecttheinformationconcerningadisease.Hereisanoutlineofinquiringaboutthepresentillness:A.AskingaboutChillsandFeverB.AskingaboutPerspirationC.AskingaboutDietandAppetiteD.AskingaboutDefecationandUrinationE.QuestioningaboutPainF.QuestioningahoutSleepPulse-takingandPalpation这是第四种诊断方法，包括切脉和按压身体的其它部位。前者是通过医生的指尖感觉患者桡侧腕部动脉以判断脉的状况的一个诊断步骤，从而了解和推断疾病的状况。后者也是医生通过触摸、感觉、推和按身体的一定部位，检查局部异常改变的一个步骤，因此，可以确定疾病的部位和性质。Itisthefourthdiagnosticmethnd,includingpulse-takingand,ontheother,palpationofdifferentpartsofthebody.Theformerisadiagnosticprocedurebywhichthephysicianmayfeelthepatient'sradialarterieswiththefinger-tipstojudgepulsecondition,thuslearningandinferringtheconditionofillness.Thelatterisalsoaprocedurebywhichthephysicianmaytouch,feel,pushandpresscertainpartsofthebodytodetectlocalabnormalchanges,therebydeterminingthelocationandnatureofthedisease.MedicalClassicMingDynasty《BenCaoGangMu》581-682AD《BeiJiQianJinYaoFang》HanDynastyWesternJinDynasty《ZhenJiuJiaYiJing》《ShangHanLun》2,000yearsago《HuangDiNeijing》2000多年前出现的《黄帝内经》是中国现存的最早医著。该书对人和自然的关系、人体的生理及病理、疾病的预防和诊治等方面进行了系统全面的说明。同时它运用阴阳和五行理论全面阐述了因时、因地、因人而异辩证论治的原则并且表达了整体观念的思想即把人体看作一个整体，把人与其周围的环境看作一个整体。这为中医理论的形成奠定了初步的基础。Morethan2,000yearsago,cameoutHuangdi'sClassiconMedicine(HuangDiNeijing),whichistheearliestmedicalclassicextantinChina.Thebookgivesacompleteandsystematicexpositiontothefollowingvarioussubjects:therelationshipbetweenmanandnature,thephysiologyandpathologyofthehumanbody,andthediagnosis,treatmentandpreventionotdiseases.Italsousesthetheoriesofyin-yangandthefiveelementstodealfullywiththeprinciplesoftreatmentbydifferentiationofsyndromes(TDS)accordingtotheclimaticandseasonalconditions,geographicallocalitiesandindividualconstitution.Hence（givingexpression）totheholisticconceptoftakingthehumanbodyasanorganicwholeandtakingthehumanbodywiththesurroundingenvironmentastheintegrity.ItlaidapreliminaryfoundationforthetheoreticalformationofTCM.MingDynasty《BenCaoGangMu》581-682AD《BeiJiQianJinYaoFang》HanDynastyWesternJinDynasty《ZhenJiuJiaYiJing》《ShangHanLun》2,000yearsago《HuangDiNeijing》汉朝（公元前3世纪）的张仲景是一位著名的医家，著有《伤寒杂病论》。该书被后人分为两部分，名为《伤寒论》和《金匱要略》。该书建立了辩证论治的原则及技术数据系统，因此，为临床医学