美国文学史复习资料大全--最全必考考点集结

LLeeccttuurreeⅠⅠAABBrriieeffIInnttrroodduuccttiioonnttooAAmmeerriiccaannLLiitteerraattuurree1.BasicfeaturesofAmericanwritersIndependent,Individualistic,Critical,Innovative,Humorous2.PartITheLiteratureofColonialandAmericanPuritanismThefirstAmericanwriter:CapitanJohnSmith.PhilipFreneau:(FatherofAmericanPoetry)33..PPaarrttIIIITThheeLLiitteerraattuurreeooffRReeaassoonnaannddRReevvoolluuttiioonn,,EEnnlliigghhtteennmmeennttJonathanEdwards:FirstmodernAmericanandthecountry’slastmedievalmanBenjaminFranklin:TheAutobiographyThomasPaine:TheAmericanCrisisThomasJefferson(“TheDeclarationofIndependence”firstestablishedtheidentityofAmericanpeople)JohnAdamsandBenjaminFranklin,andJefferson44..PPaarrttIIIIIITThheeLLiitteerraattuurreeooffRRoommaannttiicciissmmWashingIrving欧文:Hisfirstbookwas“AHistoryofNewYork”.“TheSketchBook美国信札”madehiminternationalfamousJamesFenimoreCooper:库伯“LeatherstockingTales”,皮袜子故事集aseriesoffivenovelsaboutthefrontierlifeofAmericansettlers.Deerslayer(1843),Pathfinder(1841),LastoftheMohicans(1825),ThePioneer(1823),ThePrairie(1827),EdgarAllanPoe艾伦·坡:Poewassensitiveenoughtofeelthepressureofaworldwherescienceandreasonreignsupreme,andonewherethereisneitherjoy,norlove,norlight,norpeace,norhelpfromGod.“TheRaven”,“Israfel”,“Sonnet—toScience”and“ToHellen”.Hisshortstories:“TheMurdersintheRueMorgue”,“ThePurloinedLetter”,“TheGoldBug”and“TheMysteryofMarieRoget”55..FFeeaattuurreessooffTTrraannsscceennddeennttaalliissmm先先验验主主义义A.EmphasisonSpirit(Oversoul)B.EmphasisonindividualsC.TakingnatureasthesymboloftheSpirit(Oversoul)D.Brotherhoodofman(equalandliberty)RalphWaldoEmerson爱默生:Emersoncreatedtheschooloftranscendentalism.Hisfamousessay“AmericanScholar”establishedtheindependenceofAmericanintellectual.“Nature”HenryDavidThoreau梭罗:Walden瓦尔登湖NathanielHawthorne藿桑Twice-ToldTales;MosesfromanOldManse,ScarletLetter红字;TheHouseofSevenGables;TheBlithedaleRomance;TheMarbleFaunHermanMelville麦尔维尔:MobyDick大白鲸WaltWhitman惠特曼:leavesofgrass草叶集,songofmyselfEmilyDickinson狄金森66..PPaarrttIIVVTThheeLLiitteerraattuurreeooffRReeaalliissmmBeecherStowe斯托夫人:“UncleTom’sCabin汤姆叔叔的小屋”HenryJames詹姆斯andinternationaltheme:ThePortraitofaLady,TheAmbassadors,TheWingsoftheDoveandTheGoldenBowl,7.Part5:AmericanNaturalismStephenCrane克兰:Maggie:AGirloftheStreetsTheodoreDreiser德莱塞:SisterCarrieJackLondon杰克·伦敦:TheCalloftheWild,WhiteFang,TheSeaWolfMartinEdenO.Henry欧·亨利TheGiftoftheMagi,TheCopandtheAthem88..PPaarrtt66TTwweennttiieetthh--CCeennttuurryyLLiitteerraattuurreeEzraPound庞德:InaStationoftheMetroRobertFrost弗罗斯特:StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEveningScottFitzgerald菲茨杰拉德andTheAmericanDream:TheGreatGatsbyErnestHemingway海明威andIcebergPrinciple:TheSunAlsoRises.AFarewelltoArms,ForWhomtheBellTolls,TheOldManandtheSeaSteinbeck斯坦贝克:TheGrapeofWrathWilliamFaulkner福克纳:TheSoundandtheFury,LightinAugustSherwoodAnderson安德森:Winesburg,OhioSinclairLewis路易斯:MainStreet99..AAmmeerriiccaannPPuurriittaanniissmm（（清清教教主主义义））PuritanismisthepracticesandbeliefsofthePuritans.Puritanswantedtopuritytheirreligiousbeliefsandpractices.Theyacceptedthedoctrineofpredestination,originalsinandtotaldepravity,andlimitedatonementthroughaspecialinfusionofgracefromGod.predestination（命运天定）,originalsin（原罪）,totaldepravity（人类是完全堕落的，所以人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到最好以取悦上帝）,limitedatonement（有限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上帝的拯救）10.Enlightenment（启蒙运动）anintellectualmovementintheseventeenthcenturyandeighteenth.Thecommonelementwasatrustinhumanreasonasadequatetosolvethecrucialproblemsandtoestablishtheessentialnormsinlife,togetherwiththebeliefthattheapplicationofreasonwasrapidlydissipatingtheremainingfeudaltraditions.11.Imagism（意象派）1912and1917.ThetypicalImagistpoetryiswritteninfreeverseandundertakestobeaspreciselyandterselyaspossible.Meanwhile,theImagistpoetrylikestoexpressthewriters’momentaryimpressionofavisualobjectorsceneandoftentheimpressionisrenderedbymeansofmetaphorwithoutindicatingarelation.1122..LLooccaallCCoolloorriissmm地地方方色色彩彩文文学学aliterarytrendbelongingtoRealism.Itreferstothedetailedrepresentationinprosefictionofthesetting,dialect,customs,dressandwaysofthinkingandfeelingwhicharedistinctiveofaparticularregion.1133..PPoossttmmooddeerrnniissmmtheliteratureandartafterWWII.Postmodernisminvolvesnotonlyacontinuation,sometimescarriedtoanextreme,ofthecountertraditionalexperimentsofmodernism,butalsodiverseattemptstobreakawayfrommodernistformswhichhad,inevitably,becomeintheirturnconventional,aswellastooverthrowtheelitismofmodernist“highart”byrecoursetothemodelsof“massart”.1144..TTrraannsscceennddeennttaalliissmm（（超超验验主主义义））in1830sinUS；emphasisonspiritoroversoulandstressingimportanceoftheindividual；regardingnatureassymbolsofthespiritorGodandemphasisonbrotherhoodofman；representatives:RalphWaldoEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau1155..LLoossttGGeenneerraattiioonn（（迷迷惘惘的的一一代代））AmericanwritersofthedecadefollowingtheendofWWI,disillusionedbytheirwarexperienceandalienatedbywhattheyperceivedasthecrassnessofAmericancultureareoftentaggedasLostGeneration.TheirrepresentativesareF.ScottFitzgeraldandErnestHemingway.1166..NNaattuurraalliissmm（（自自然然主主义义））Naturalistsdismissedthevalidity