Hamlet哈姆雷特

HamletMaincharacters哈姆雷特Hamlet-ThePrinceofDenmark,thetitlecharacter,andtheprotagonist(主角).Aboutthirtyyearsoldatthestartoftheplay,HamletisthesonofQueenGertrudeandthelateKingHamlet,andthenephew（侄子）ofthepresentking,Claudius.Hamletismelancholy（忧郁的）,bitter,andcynical（愤世嫉俗的）,fullofhatredforhisuncle’sscheming（诡计多端的）anddisgustforhismother’ssexuality.AreflectiveandthoughtfulyoungmanwhohasstudiedattheUniversityofWittenberg,Hamletisoftenindecisive（犹豫不决的）andhesitant,butatothertimespronetorashandimpulsiveacts.克劳迪斯Claudius-TheKingofDenmark,Hamlet’suncle,andtheplay’santagonist.Thevillain（戏剧中的反派角色）oftheplay,Claudiusisacalculating,ambitiouspolitician,drivenbyhissexualappetitesandhislustfor（贪求）power,butheoccasionallyshowssignsofguiltandhumanfeeling—hisloveforGertrude,forinstance,seemssincere.乔特鲁德Gertrude-Danishqueen,theprince’sownmother.PharaohdiedsheremarriedClaudius,attheageofShakespearethisrelationshipisregardedasincest（乱伦）,socausedHamlethatred.Shebaby-satforHamletmistakenlydrankthepoisonouswine,onthespot,died.欧菲莉亚Ophelia-Polonius’sdaughter,abeautifulyoungwomanwithwhomHamlethasbeeninlove.Opheliaisasweetandinnocentyounggirl,whoobeysherfatherandherbrother,Laertes.Dependentonmentotellherhowtobehave,shegivesintoPolonius’sschemes（阴谋）tospyon（侦查）Hamlet.Eveninherlapseintomadnessanddeath,sheremainsmaidenly,singingsongsaboutflowersandfinallydrowningintheriveramidtheflowergarlands（花环）shehadgathered.鬼魂TheGhost-Thespecter（幽灵）ofHamlet’srecentlydeceasedfather.Theghost,whoclaimstohavebeenmurderedbyClaudius,callsuponHamlettoavengehim.However,itisnotentirelycertainwhethertheghostiswhatitappearstobe,orwhetheritissomethingelse.Hamletspeculatesthattheghostmightbeadevilsenttodeceivehimandtempthimintomurder,andthequestionofwhattheghostisorwhereitcomesfromisneverdefinitivelyresolved.雷欧提斯Laertes-Polonius’sson.Forhisfatherandhissister’sdeathwithswordskilledHamlet.Healsodiedinthepoisonofthesword,thoughHamletdidn’trealizeswordispoisoned.福丁布拉斯Fortinbras-Norwayprince.Indramaonlyshortcut-scenestheatre.Butheisimportantbecausethelastlinesbyhimsay,seemtosymbolizeabrighterfuture,elaborated（详细阐述）thedramatheme.波洛涅斯Polonius-Claudiuspresenceofaminister.Heisnotoriously(众所周知地)stubborn,obstructedthelovebetweenHamletandOphelia.Hamletalwayspretendedidiotictoteasehim.Hehidinatapestry(挂毯,绣帷),eavesdropping(偷听)Hamletandthequeen’sconversation,wasstabbedtodeathwithaswordbyHamlet.罗生克兰和盖登思邓Rosencrantz&Guildernstern-Hamlet’soldclassmatesinuniversity.Theywererecruited（招募）tolookafterHamletbyClaudius.Althoughthetwo’sroleindramaisnotbig,buttheprincesoonsuspectthepairisaspy.TherelationshipbetweenthecharactersHamletClaudiusGertrudeOpheliaLaertesTheGhostFortinbrasPoloniussonloverdaughterfatherThreetoavengehisfather‘strail(三条替父报仇的线索)1.HamlethisfatherwaskilledbyClaudius.2.LaerteshisfatherwaskilledbyHamlet.3.FortinbrashisfatherwaskilledbyKingHamlet.•Hamletisthefirstworkofliteraturetoshowanordinarypersonlookingatthefutilityandwrongsinlife,askingthetoughestquestionsandcomingupwithhonestsemi-answerslikemostpeopledotoday.Hamlet’sCharacter•ThecastofHamlet’smindissospeculative,soquestioning,andsocontemplative.•Hislifeisoneofconstantrole-playing,examiningthenatureofactiononlytodenyitspossibility,forheistoosophisticatedtodegradehisnaturetotheconventionalroleastagerevenger.Soliloquy•Soliloquy:Adramaticorliteraryformofdiscourseinwhichacharacterrevealshisorherthoughtswhenaloneorunawareofthepresenceofothercharacters.SoliloquyinHamlet•Soliloquy:ormonologue,adramaticorliteraryformofdiscourseinwhichacharacterrevealshisorherthoughtswhenaloneorunawareofthepresenceofothercharacters.•ForsuchafigureasHamlet,soliloquyisanaturalmedium,anecessaryreleaseofhisanguish;andsomeofhisquestioningmonologuespossesssurpassingpowerandinsight,whichhavesurvivedcenturiesofbeingtornfromtheircontext.•Themostfamoussoliloquyisperhaps“tobeornottobe”inActIII,SceneI,Hamlet.TobeorNottoBe•Functionsofthesoliloquy:•1)togiveexpressiontoacomplicatedstateofmindandfeelingofacharacter•2)toprovideapointofviewontheeventsoftheplay.•MainIdea:•Thisisaninternalphilosophicaldebateontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofexistence,andwhetheritisone'srighttoendhisorherownlife.Itpresentsamostlogicalandpowerfulexaminationofthethemeofthemorallegitimacyofsuicideinanunbearablypainfulworld.Tobeornottobe•Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:Whether'tisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslings&arrowsofoutrageousfortune,Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,Andbyopposingendthem?•生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把它们扫清，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？Dilemmaoftryingtodeterminethemeaningoflifeanddeath:Hamlethereweighsthemoralramifications(结果，后果)oflivinganddying.Isitnoblertosufferlifepassivelyortoactivelyseektoendone’ssuffering?Hamletcomparesdeathtosleepandthinksoftheendtosufferingandpain.Basedonthismetaphor,hedecidesthatsuicideisadesirablecourseofaction.But,asthereligiousword“devoutly”signifies,thereismoretothequestion,namely,whatwillhappenintheafterlife.•Todie:tosleep;Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweendTheheart-acheandthethousandnaturalshocksThatfleshisheirto,'tisaconsummationDevoutlytobe