Unit4 定语从句

Unit4定语从句AttributiveclausesHeisapopularsingerwhosesongsarepopular.Heisafamoussingerwhohasabeautifulwife.Heisapopularsinger.Hissongsarepopular.Heisafamoussinger.Hehasabeautifulwife.一.定语从句概述定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的名词，词组或代词就叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由引导词（关系词）引出。先行词引导词之关系代词定语从句Thisisadogthatoneofmyfriendsgavetome.____________________________________（作宾语）____________________________________________________________二.引导词的选择关系代/副词指代成分who人主语/宾语whom人宾语whose人/物定语that人/物主语/宾语/表语which事/物主语/宾语/表语as人/事/物主语/宾语/表语when时间(物)状语where地点(物)状语why原因(物)状语关系代词关系副词(一)关系代词以及基本用法1.Whose用来指人或物，(只用作定语)(1)大家都跑过去帮那个车坏了的人。Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.(2)请递给我那本绿皮的书。Pleasepassmethebookwhosecover(=ofwhichthecover)isgreen.whose=ofwhich/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+ofwhich/whomHeisateacher,{whosedaughterstudiesabroad.thedaughterofwhomstudiesabroad.ofwhomthedaughterstudiesabroad.翻译：他是个老师，他的女儿在国外学习。2.who指人，在从句中做主语/宾语作主语：(1)在踢球的那些男孩是一班的。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老先生。YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.作宾语（替代whom）：你刚才见的男人是我的朋友。Theman（who）youmetjustnowismyfriend.3.whom指人，从句中充当宾语，可省略。(1)刘先生就是你在公交车上说到的人。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.(2)麦克正是我想见的那个男孩MikeisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.whom可用who或that代替，也可以省略，但后边的介词提前时，只用whom例如：Doyouknowtheman(whom/who/that)theteacheristalkingto?=Doyouknowthemantowhomtheteacheristalking?Sheistheperson(whom/who/that)youshouldturntoforhelp.=Sheisthepersontowhomyoushouldturnforhelp4.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)足球是一项大多数男孩都喜爱的运动。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2)这是一支他昨天买的笔。Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.5.that指人也指物，可做主语也可做宾语that指人=who或者whomthat指物=whichThenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?6.当关系代词代指前面的名词作表语时。Thevillageisnolongertheoneitwas5yearsago.7.在therebe句型中，指物只用that。Therearemanyapplesareverydelicious.只用that的情况（补充）：thatthatFillinthegaps:1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_______wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_______isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel______Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_______isreadingunderthetree?7.Myhometownisnotthesameone_______itusedtobetwentyyearsago.thatthatthatthatthatthatthat只用which不用that的情况Hismoneywasstolenbyathief,whichmadehimverysad.②.当关系代词前有介词时。Thisisthefactoryinwhichmymotherworks.③.当先行词本身是that时。What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow.①在非限制性定语从句中。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（限定当医生的那个哥哥，他可能还有其他的哥哥）(2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1)Aplaneisamachine________________canfly.2)Thecar_______________________myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen.3)Thestudents________________don’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.4)Thewoman___________________yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.5)Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks______________interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.which/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhom/thatthat(二)关系副词以及基本用法when时间(物)状语where地点(物)状语why原因(物)状语(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.(3)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语我们在一起的时光终于到来了。Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.2.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语上海是我出生的城市。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语我不知道为什么他今天看起来不高兴。Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意1：关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhich（先行词一般是reason）Where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)When=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)注意1：关系副词=介词+关系代词(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereIwasborn.先行词的搭配关系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_____________Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays____________Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear____________mysonwenttocollege.4)Igothomeat7:00p.m.yesterday,____________mostpeoplehadhadsupper.onwhichduringwhichinwhichbywhichFillintheblanks.1.Istillremembertheday_________wespentintheforest.2.Istillremembertheday____________IfirstcametoBeijing.3.Thefactory_________wewillvisitislarge.4.Thefactory___________hisfatherworksislarge.5.I’llneverforgetthetime_____________weworkonthefarm.6.Thisisthehouse____________welivedlastyear.that/whichwhen/onwhichthat/whichwherewhen/atwhichwhere/inwhich注2：即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.定语从句中介词和关系代词的位置关系p32-33注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.（F）2.介词＋whom/which（不用that）(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)Themanwiththatyoutalkedismyfriend.(F)(2)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)3.注意与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Haveyoufoundthebook____________Ipaid29USdollars?2)H