2014英语简单句并列句课件

一.句子成分成分概念主语一句话的主体,是说话人要说明的人或物谓语说明主语的行为或状态宾语表示及物动词或介词涉及到的对象表语说明主语的身份、状态或特征,与系动词一起构成合成谓语补足语补充说明宾语的身份、动作、状态和特征等定语修饰名词或代词等,说明事物的性质和特征状语修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子.说明行为、状态、发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、和条件等同位语由一个名词或具有名词功能的短语等紧跟在另一名词或代词后,对其内容、性质、情况等进一步说明指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分。1.Hehasgotridofhisbadhabit.2.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.3.Shedidn’tknowwhattodonext.4.Thebosskeepsthemworkingallday.5.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.6.Thisisthebridgebuiltlastyear.7.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.8.Lighttravelsmostquickly.（宾语）（表语）（宾语）（宾补）（前置定语）（后置定语）（宾语）（状语）9.Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.10.Toseeistobelieve.11.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?12.Theworkmaybedoneinaweek.13.Theytalkedhappilyintheroomlastnight.14.Attheageof16,DarwinwenttoEdinburghtostudymedicineandthreeyearslatertoCambridge.（同位语）（主语）（双宾）（谓语）（状语）（状语）二、简单句一）定义：只有一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。e.g.:HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.(并列主语，但仍然只有一个主谓结构)Wesanganddancedallnight.(并列谓语，但仍然只有一个主谓结构)其中，类似“Openthedoor.”和“Whatalovelyday！”这样的句式,虽然有没有主语或谓语,它们也是简单句的省略形式。二）五种基本句型：分类例句简单句主+系+表Itwasmybirthday.主+谓Istudyhard.主+谓+宾Weateabigbirthdaycaketogether.主+谓+间宾+直宾HeboughtmeanewMP5.主+谓+宾+宾补Itmademeveryhappy.英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由这五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:句型一：主系表结构（主语+连系动词+表语）e.g.:①他显得很不自在.(appear)___________________________________②比尔看上去累了.___________________[注意]常见的连系动词有：表状态存在：表状态延续：表状态变化：Heappeareduneasy.Billlookstired.be,seem,appear,prove,look,smell,taste,sound,feelremain,stay,keep,continuebecome,grow,get,come,go,turn句型二：主谓结构（主语+不及物动词）e.g.:小男孩笑了。____________________________________[注意]不及物动词没有直接宾语，但常带有_________语。e.g.:①那些鸟正飞过大楼上空。.___________________________②他坐在后排.____________________________________Thelittleboysmiled.状Thebirdsareflyingoverthebuilding.Hesitsinthebackrow.句型三：主谓宾结构（主语+及物动词+宾语）e.g.:①我喜欢流行音乐.___________________________________②他十年前开始学习英语.____________________________________Ilikepopularmusic.HebeganlearningEnglishtenyearsago.句型四：主谓双宾结构（主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾）e.g.:①他教我们历史.__________________________________________②父亲给我买了一辆新自行车._____________________________________[注意]在此结构中，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。若要先说出直宾，后说间宾，则要借助于介词to或for。Heteachesushistory.Fatherboughtmeanewbicycle.1)间接宾语前加to的常见的动词：bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,etc.e.g.:①Ishowedhimmypictures.=____________________________________.②Igavemycarawash.=_____________________________________2)间接宾语前加for的常见的动词：buy,choose,fetch,get,make,order,paint,,save,sing,cook，etc.e.g.:他给你买来了一本字典。_____________________________________Ishowedmypicturestohim.Igaveawashtomycar.Heboughtyouadictionary.=Heboughtadictionaryforyou.句型五：主谓宾补结构（主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补）e.g.:①我们必须保持房间清洁._______________________________________②他爱看男孩们踢足球._________________________________________[注意]能带宾补的动词：1)感官动词：2)使让动词：3)其它：want,wishexpect,allow,permit,forbid,ask,order,adviseetc.Helikestowatchtheboysplayingfootball.Wemustkeeptheroomclean.see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,feel,find,hear,listentohave,make,let,get,force三）Therebe句型简单句的特殊句型此句型是由“__________________________”构成，用以表达存在关系,意思是“______________”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语意。1)Therebe句型中谓语动词要与主语保持一致。e.g.:①There_______atelevisioninthesittingroom.②There______twogirlsandaboydancinginthehall.2)主语有修饰语时，修饰语要用_____________形式。e.g①Therearemanypeople______(do)exercisesintheparkeverymorning.②有很多事情要做。__________________________.there+be+主语+状语有……is非谓语Thereweremanythingstobedone/todo.aredoing3)谓语也可以与其他动词组合。如：将来有therewillbe…；thereis/aregoingtobe...现在已经有therehas/havebeen…可能有theremightbe...肯定有theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...过去曾经有thereusedtobe…似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…e.g.:①过去这里曾有一家电影院。_________________________________②这儿好像有点不大对劲。___________________________________.Thereusedtobeacinemahere.Thereseemstobesomethingwronghere.4)此句型有时不用be动词，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等代替。e.g.:①There______________ahighbuildingonthecornerofthestreet.街角矗立着一座高楼。②Onceuponatime___________________inthetown.从前城里住着一位老国王。therelivedanoldkingstands四）简单句+with复合结构1)with+名词/代词+名词（词组）Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,________manyofthemchildren.那次事故导致了两百人的死亡，其中有许多儿童。2)with+名词/代词+形容词（词组）Heisusedtosleeping_____________________.他习惯开着窗睡觉。3)with+名词/代词+副词（词组）Shelefttheroom______________________.她离开了房间，灯却还亮着。withwiththewindowsopen.withallthelightson.四）简单句+with复合结构4)with+名词/代词+介词（词组）Hewalkedintotheroom____________________他走进房间，手里拿着根手杖(stick)。5)with+名词/代词+ing分词（词组）_______________________________,Isucceededatlast.由于得到许多人的帮助，最终我成功了。Withsomanypeoplehelpingmewithastickinhishand.6)with+名词/代词+ed分词（词组）________________________,wewenttoChinaforaholiday.那项工作做完以后，我们就去中国度假了。7)with+名词/代词+不定式（词组）_________________________________,Ihavenotimeforaholiday.有很多工作要做，我没时间度假。WiththejobfinishedWithsomuchworktodo五）英语基本句型的推导：1.英语句子必须有谓语动词。①他像他爸爸。(like)__________________________________②这本书值得一读。(worth)__________________________________③我反对你的意见。(against)__________________________________Heislikehisfather.Thebookisworthreading.I’magainstyou.2.一个句子内有且只有一个动词充当谓语（并列谓语除外），其余动词应为__________或____________。e.g.:①Ihavealotofreadings________(complete)beforetheend